Structure of the Central Nervous System Flashcards
What is rostral?
β Towards the front
What is caudal?
β towards the back
Why do humans have a curve between dorsal and ventral?
β we are bipedal
Where are humans symmetrical?
β towards the midline
What do you call two things on the same side of the mid line?
β ipsilateral
What do you call two things opposite of the midline?
β Contralateral
What are two ways of describing a neuron projecting from the thalamus to the cortex?
βThalamic efferent
β Cortical afferent
What does an afferent describe?
β Where the neuron is projecting to
What does an efferent describe?
β Where a neuron is projecting from
What are your eyes in reference to your nose?
β Lateral
What do afferent sensory fibres do?
β Take sensory information from the periphery to the brain
What do efferent motor fibres do?
β Motor instructions from the brain to the periphery
What are the cranial nerves?
β Olfactory I β Optic II β Oculomotor III β Trochlear IV β Trigeminal V β Abducens VI β Facial VII β Vestibulocochlear VIII β Glossopharyngeal IX β Vagus X βAccessory XI β Hypoglossal XII
What type of nerves are the cranial nerves?
β Sensory β Sensory β Motor β both β Motor β Both β Sensory β both β both β motor β motor
Where does the olfactory nerve project and what do they do?
β Olfactory cortex - perception of smell
β Hypothalamus - emotional aspects of smell
β Amygdala
β Hippocampus - odour memory
Where does the optic nerve project?
Retinal ganglion cells β Lateral geniculate nucleus β visual cortex (occipital lobe)
What type of innervation does the oculomotor nerve have and what do they do?
β Motor - eyeball and eyelid movement
β Parasympathetic - pupillary constriction and accomodation
What does the trochlear nerve do and what type of nerrve is it?
β eyeball movement
β motor
What type of nerve is the abducens and what does it do?
β Eyeball movement
β motor
What mediates up and down eye movement and what muscles are used?
β CN III (oculomotor)
β superior and inferior rectus muscles