Control of Movement Flashcards
Why is movement difficult to replicate electronically?
β The brain predicts movement
What are the basal ganglia?
β A group of nuclei inside the brain
What kind of a disease is Parkinsons?
β basal ganglia degenerative disease
What do the basal ganglia act as?
β Relay stations
What are the 3 different circuits in the brain?
β Motor
β Associative
β Limbic
How are the basal ganglia segregated?
β Anatomically
What is the main output of the basal ganglia?
β inhibitory
What are the 2 basal ganglia pathways?
β One decreases output activity (increases movement)
β One increases output activity (decreases movement)
What sends inputs to the basal ganglia?
β The striatum
What is the indirect stop pathway?
β Activates the inhibitory nucleus and makes movement less likely to happen
What is the direct go pathway?
β Inhibits the inhibitory pathway
Where is dopamine produced?
β In the substantia nigra
What is the Alexander and Delong model?
β Changes in firing rate (of the output nuclei) determine the degree of thalamic inhibition and the amount of movement possible
What is bradykinesia?
β A lack of movement
What happens in Parkinsons?
β Substantia nigra degenerates
β Not enough dopamine
β Inhibitory output of the basal ganglia turns up
β Inhibits the thalamus and inhibits the motor cortex
β rate of firing of the output nucleus goes up