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πš™πš‘πš’πšœπš’πš˜πš•πš˜πšπš’ 𝟸 : πš—πšŽπšžπš›πš˜πšœπšŒπš’πšŽπš—πšŒπšŽ > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two theories of emotion?

A

β†’ James-Lange

β†’ Cannon-Bard

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2
Q

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A

β†’ we experience emotions in response to physiological changes in our body

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3
Q

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

A

β†’ We can experience emotions independently of emotional expression

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4
Q

When are emotions produced?

A

β†’ When signals reach the thalamus either directly from sensory receptors or by descending cortical input

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5
Q

What is the brain system responsible for emotion?

A

β†’ Broca’s limbic lobe

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6
Q

What are the 3 structures that make up Broca’s limbic lobe?

A

β†’ Parahippocampal gyrus
β†’ Cingulate gyrus
β†’ Subcallosal gyrus

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7
Q

What 3 areas of the brain form a ring around the corpus callosum?

A

β†’ Cingulate Gyrus of the Cingulate Cortex
β†’ Medial surface of the Temporal lobe
β†’ Hippocampus

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8
Q

Describe the pathway that emotion takes?

A

β†’ Neocortex sends signals to the cingulate cortex which is responsible for emotions
β†’ this sends a signal via the hippocampus to the hypothalamus where the expression of emotion occurs

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9
Q

What is the proof that the hippocampus is involved in the behavioural expression of emotion?

A

β†’ Rabies infects the hippocampus

β†’ hyperemotional responses

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10
Q

What does a lesion in the anterior thalamus cause?

A

β†’ Spontaneous laughing or crying

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11
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the hippocampal complex?

A

β†’ Dentate gyrus
β†’ CA1-CA4 subfields
β†’ Subiculum

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12
Q

What are the 6 structures that make up the limbic system?

A 
β†’ Cingulate gyrus
β†’ Parahippocampal structures
β†’ Septal nuclei 
β†’ Amygdala
β†’ Entorhinal cortex
β†’ Hippocampal complex
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13
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

β†’ Attaches behavioural significance and response to a stimulus

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14
Q

What does damage to the limbic system in animals cause?

A

β†’ profound effects on emotional responsiveness

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15
Q

What are the 3 roles of the cingulate gyrus?

A

β†’ Complex motor control
β†’ Pain perception
β†’ Social interactions/mood

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16
Q

What roles do the hippocampus and the para-hippocampal areas have?

A

β†’ memory

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17
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

β†’ Involved in learning and storage of emotional aspects of experience

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18
Q

What are the 2 ways to find out the function of a structure in the brain?

A

β†’ Lesion brain part

β†’ Hyperactivate it

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19
Q

Where is there activity during fear?

A

β†’ Activity in the amygdala

20
Q

What emotions does the amygdala control?

A

β†’ Fear
β†’ Anxiety
β†’ Aggression

21
Q

Where is the amygdala found?

A

β†’ Near the hippocampus

22
Q

What are the 3 subnuclei of the amygdala?

A

β†’ Corticomedial nuclei
β†’ Central nucleus
β†’ Basolateral nucleus

23
Q

Where does the amygdala receive input from?

A

β†’ The neocortex

β†’ All lobes including the hippocampal and cingulate gyri

24
Q

What do the basolateral nuclei receive information from?

A

β†’ ALL sensory systems

25
What is the output of the amygdala?
β†’ Hypothalamus
26
What are the amygdala output pathways?
β†’ Stria terminalis | β†’ Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
27
What happens when the temporal lobe is removed in animals?
β†’ Psychic blindness β†’ Oral tendencies β†’ Emotional changes β†’ Altered sexual behaviour
28
What does an amygdalectomy do?
β†’ Reduces fear β†’ Reduces aggression β†’ reduces ability to recognize a fearful expression β†’ Flattened emotion
29
What happens if you hyperactivate the amygdala?
β†’ INcreased vigilance β†’ Anxiety β†’ Fear β†’ Aggression
30
What is the amygdala involved in?
β†’ PTSD | β†’ Giving emotional content to memories
31
What are the two types of aggression?
β†’ Predatory aggression | β†’ Affective aggression
32
What is predatory aggression?
β†’ Attacks made against a member of a different species to obtain food β†’ No sympathetic activity
33
What is affective aggression?
β†’ For show β†’ Threatening postures β†’ Social hierarchy β†’ High levels of sympathetic activity
34
What are the two surgeries to reduce human aggression?
β†’ Amygdalaectomy | β†’ Psychosurgery
35
What are the effects of psychosurgery?
β†’ Reduced aggressive behaviour β†’ relief from anxiety β†’ Unpleasant side effects
36
What happens when you remove the cerebral hemispheres but not the hypothalamus?
β†’ sham rage
37
What happens when you remove both cerebral hemispheres and the anterior hypothalamus?
β†’ sham rage
38
What happens when you remove the posterior hypothalamus?
β†’ No sham rage
39
What does electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus lead to?
β†’ Effective and predatory aggression
40
What is affective aggression elicited by?
β†’ Stimulating the medial hypothalamus
41
What is predatory aggression elicited by?
β†’ Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus
42
What are the 2 structures involved with predatory aggression?
β†’Medial forebrain bundles | β†’ Ventral tegmental area
43
What are the 2 structures involved with affective aggression?
β†’ Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus | β†’ Periaqueductal grey matter
44
How is aggression related to serotonin?
β†’ inversely related to serotonergic activity
45
What antagonists increases aggression?
β†’ 5HT antagonists
46
What agonists decrease aggression?
β†’ 5HT1A | β†’ 5HT1B

πš™πš‘πš’πšœπš’πš˜πš•πš˜πšπš’ 𝟸 : πš—πšŽπšžπš›πš˜πšœπšŒπš’πšŽπš—πšŒπšŽ (21 decks)

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