Structure And Function Of The Kindey

Question 1

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 1

Excrete most of the waste products by metabolism, filter blood, and control water volume and ion concentrations in maintaining the acid/base balance of the blood

Question 2

What is the structure of the kidneys?

Answer 2

The outer layer of tissue in the kidney is the cortex, the inner layer of tissue in the kidney is the medulla

Question 3

What do nephrons in the cortex do?

Answer 3

Filter water products from the blood and form urine

Question 4

What do the pyramids in the cortex do?

Answer 4

Drain the blood and urine into the minor calyces

Question 5

What do the minor calyces drain into?

Answer 5

The major calyces

Question 6

What do the major calyces drain into?

Answer 6

The renal pelvis which empties through the ureters towards the bladder

Question 7

What is the hilum?

Answer 7

The point where structures enter or exit the kidney

Question 8

What are the structures that are involved in the hilum?

Answer 8

Renal vein, renal artery, ureter, lymphatics and sympathetic a

Question 9

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Answer 9

The nephron

Question 10

Where does the blood pass through for filtration in the kidney?

Answer 10

The glomeruli which are contained in the bowman’s capsule

Question 11

What components are filtered out by the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 11

Almost all of the constituents of plasma, water and waste

Question 12

What molecule are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

Answer 12

Glucose and ions

Question 13

What is reabsorbed in the loop of henle?

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

What happens in the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 14

Any waste products that were not filtered out in the capsule are secreted into the lumen of the nephron

Question 15

What molecules are reabsorbed in the collecting duct?

Answer 15

Water and ions are reabsorbed into the blood

Question 16

What controls the volume of urine produced?

Answer 16

Reabsorption in the collecting duct

Question 17

What does the ADH hormone do?

Answer 17

It is released from the posterior pituitary on the collecting duct and makes it more water permeable allowing reabsorption of water

Question 18

What are the renal arteries?

Answer 18

Two large branches of the abdominal aorta that are found below the level of L1

Question 19

What do the renal arteries divide into?

Answer 19

Afferent arterioles which feed into the glomeruli

Question 20

Where do the efferent arterioles run?

Answer 20

From the glomerili and wrap around nephron

Question 21

What are the arteries called that wrap around the loop of henle?

Answer 21

The vasa recta

Question 22

What do the vasa recta drain into?

Answer 22

The renal veins which empty into the inferior vena cava