Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bladder?

A

A temporary reservoir for urine

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2
Q

What is the minimum amount for urine that the bladder can hold?

A

50ml

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3
Q

What are the three layers that bladder wall consists of?

A

Internal, middle and external layer

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4
Q

What is similar about the internal and external layers of the bladder?

A

Longitudinal directional alignment

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5
Q

How is the middle layer of the bladder aligned?

A

In a roughly circular direction

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6
Q

What is bladder musculature?

A

Is a distorted continuation of the three layers of spiral smooth muscle that surrounds the ureters

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7
Q

What is the urinary system from the renal pelvis to the urethra lined with?

A

Specialised epithelium, transitional epithelium or urothelium

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8
Q

What can the epithelium cells do?

A

They have the ability to stretch, shift over one another and flattern

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9
Q

How thick is the epithelium in a distended bladder?

A

Only 2-3 cells thick

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10
Q

How thick is the epithelium in an empty bladder?

A

5-6 cells thick

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11
Q

What are the layers in a non-distended bladder?

A

Cuboidal basal layer, polygonal celled middle layers and tall columnar cells

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12
Q

Where does the bladder sit in adults?

A

Sits anteriorly in the lesser pelvis inferior to the peritoneum. Where it extends superiorly in the extra peritoneal fat of the anterior body wall

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13
Q

Where does the bladder sit in children younger than 6?

A

The bladder sites in the abdomen even when empty

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14
Q

What is found between the ureteric orifices?

A

A smooth triangular area called the trigone

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15
Q

What lines the bladder?

A

Rugae (ridges) - that line the majority of the bladder, flattening out as the bladder fills

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16
Q

What is found at the junction between the bladder and the urethra?

A

A smooth muscle sphincter (the internal urethral sphincter)

17
Q

What is the internal urethral sphincter controlled by?

A

The autonomic innervation

18
Q

Describe the internal urethral sphincter

A

Only found in males and it prevents ejacultory reflex of semen into the bladder

19
Q

As well as smooth muscle what does the ureter also contain?

A

Contains the external urethral sphincter which is under voluntary control