Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cervix?

A

The opening to the uterus

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2
Q

What does the cervix form?

A

Forms a canal from the vagina to the uterus

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3
Q

What is the external os?

A

It’s the inferior opening in the vagina

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4
Q

What is the internal os?

A

It is the superior opening into the uterus

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5
Q

What is between the internal os and the external os?

A

The cervical canal

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6
Q

What does the cervical canal guide?

A

Sperm, cervical mucus is produced here, menstrual blood and uterine tissue exits to through the canal into the vagina and many contraceptive methods act on the cervix

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7
Q

What do diaphragm caps block?

A

The external os - type of contraceptive

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8
Q

What do progesterone only pills do?

A

Thicken the cervical mucus

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9
Q

What is the epithelium like in the adult vagina in the canal?

A

It is squamous at the internal os but becomes stratified at the external os to protect itself from the acidic environment of the vagina

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10
Q

What happens during adolescence to the cervix?

A

It everts slightly which brings the squamous epithelium of the canal onto contact with the acidic environment of the vagina

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11
Q

What does the change in pH mean in the canal when the cervix everts?

A

Stimulates the transformation of the epithelium into more protective stratified epithelium

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12
Q

What does change in the cellular composition of the tissue increase in the vagina?

A

Changes of cancerous cells developing

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13
Q

What are smear tests?

A

The are carried out on women over the age of 25 to monitor the epithelium of the cervix for cancerous changes

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14
Q

What does CIN stand for?

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

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15
Q

How many levels exist for CIN?

A

Three stages

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16
Q

What is stage 1?

A

Stage 1 is mild and unlikely to develop into cancer

17
Q

What is stage2?

A

Stage 2 is moderate and has a 50% risk of becoming cancerous

18
Q

What is stage 3?

A

Stage 3 is severe and encompasses the first stages of cervical cancer