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Dermatology > structure and function of skin > Flashcards

structure and function of skin Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ in body?

A

skin

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2
Q

what is the skin’s outer layer?

A

epidermis

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3
Q

what layer is beneath the epidermis?

A

dermis

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4
Q

what type of epithelium is the epidermis made from?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

which germ layer forms epidermis?

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

what germ layer forms the dermis?

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

what are melanocytes?

A

pigment producing cells

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8
Q

what cell makes up most of epidermis?

A

keratinocytes

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9
Q

name cells that you might find in epidermis?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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10
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis?

A

keratin layer
granular layer
prickle cell layer
basal layer

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11
Q

name a place where keratin layer would be thicker?

A

sole of foot

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12
Q

what layer does this describe?

2-3 layers
large keratohyalin granules
odland bodies
high lipid content
origin of cornified envelope
cell nuclei lost
A

granular layer

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13
Q

what layer is water proof?

A

keratin layer

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14
Q

what do desmosomes do?

A

anchor cells to each other

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15
Q

what are blaschko’s lines?

A

developmental growth pattern of skin

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16
Q

what does loss of appendages cause?

A

scar tissue

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17
Q

name some appendages?

A

hair
nail
glands
mucosae

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18
Q

where to melanocytes migrate to and from during first 3 months of foetal development

A

from epidermis to neural crest

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19
Q

what are the organelles in melanocytes?

A

melanosomes

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20
Q

what does melanin absorb?

A

light

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21
Q

what is vitilgo?

A

autoimmune disease with loss of melanocytes

22
Q

what is albinsim?

A

genetic partial loss of pigment production

23
Q

what is nelson’s syndrome?

A

melanin stimulating hormone is produced in excess by pituitary

24
Q

what is the function of the langerhans cell?

A

antigen presenting

picks up antigen in skin and circulates it to lymph nodes

25
Q

what causes merkel cell cancer?

A

viral infection

26
Q

what are merkel cells?

A

mechanoreceptors

27
Q

what does anagen mean?

A

growing

28
Q

what does catagen mean?

A

involuting (going down)

29
Q

what does telogen mean?

A

resting

30
Q

what is alopecia?

A

autoimmune hairloss

31
Q

what makes nails/

A

specialised keratins

32
Q

what is the dermo-epidermal junction?

A

interface between epidermis and dermis

33
Q

what gives the epidermis its blood supply?

A

the dermis

34
Q

what are the main cells in the dermis?

A

fibroblasts

35
Q

what other cells do you get in the dermis?

A 
fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
lymphocytes
langerhans cells
36
Q

localised overgrowth of blood vessels

A

angioma

37
Q

what do pacinian receptors detect?

A

pressure

38
Q

what do meissners receptors detect?

A

vibration

39
Q

what do free nerve endings detect?

A

touch and temp

40
Q

what is neurofibromatosis?

A

overgrowth of nerve endings (thickened)

41
Q

what do the apocrine glands secrete?

A

odour when you start puberty (in armpit and groin)

42
Q

what to eccrine glands secrete?

A

sweat

43
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

sebum

44
Q

what is sebum?

A

body’s natural moisturiser

45
Q

what can sebum cause?

A

acne

46
Q

what is toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

acute skin failure

47
Q

name some functions of the skin?

A 
barrier function
metabolsim and detox
thermoregulation
immune defence
communication skills
sensory skills
48
Q

what happens if skin barrier fails?

A

fluid loss leading to dehydration
protein loss leading to hypoalbuminaemia
infection

49
Q

what happens if skin thermoregulation fails?

A

heat loss leading to hypothermia

50
Q

what happens if the skin immune defence fails?

A

infection

51
Q

is skin metabolically active?

A

yes Vitamin D and thyroid hormone metabolism occurs

Dermatology (22 decks)

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