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Body Systems > Structure and function of blood vessels > Flashcards

Structure and function of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what do you call the delivery of blood to all tissues?

A

arterial supply

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2
Q

what do you call taking blood away from all tissues?

A

venous drainage

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3
Q

draw a flow diagram showing the vessels from heart and back to it

A

Aorta (artery)–> arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> vein –> inferior/superior vena cava (vein)

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4
Q

what 3 features are important for blood vessels?

A
  • resilience
  • flexible
  • always open
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5
Q

what 4 parts are blood vessels made up of (structure)

A
  • lumen
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventia/ externa
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6
Q

what’s the lumen?

A

the space blood flows through

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7
Q

what’s the tunica intima made up of? (3)

A

endothelium (epithelium)
basal lamina
sub endothelial connective tissue

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8
Q

what’s the tunica media made up of? (2)

A

smooth muscle fibres in loose connective tissue

may contain elastic fibres

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9
Q

what’s the tunica adventia/externa made up of? (2)

A

connective tissue merged to surrounding connective tissue

in large BV there can be vasa vasorum (small bv to supply the BV with blood)

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10
Q

Is blood in arteries under high or low pressure?

A

high

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11
Q

is blood in veins under high or low pressure?

A

low

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12
Q

do arteries have thick or thin walls?

A

thick

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13
Q

do veins have thick or thin walls?

A

thin

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14
Q

why do arteries have thick walls?

A

to maintain high BP

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15
Q

why do veins have thin walls?

A

to maintain low BP

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16
Q

do artery lumens stay open all the time?

A

yes (like a garden hose)

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17
Q

do vein lumens stay open all the time?

A

no (like a fire hose)

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18
Q

do arteries have larger or smaller lumens?

A

smaller

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19
Q

do veins have larger or smaller lumens?

A

larger

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20
Q

what’s more resilient- arteries or veins?

A

arteries

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21
Q

do arteries have valves?

A

no

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22
Q

do veins have valves?

A

some do- yes

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23
Q

what are the 3 types of arteries?

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

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24
Q

what sort of arteries are elastic ones?

A

conducting- they come from heart

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25
Q

what sort of arteries are muscular ones?

A

distributing- they take blood around the body

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26
Q

what sort of arteries are arterioles?

A

resistance vessels- maintain blood pressure

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27
Q

Which of the 3 types of arteries is the largest?

A

elastic e.g. Aorta

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28
Q

What’s the diameter of elastic arteries?

A

up to 2.5cm

29
Q

what are the functions of elastic arteries?

A
  • can withstand changes in pressure during the cardiac cycle
  • ensures continuous blood flow
30
Q

what are the structural adaptations of elastic arteries? (2)

A
  • tunica media with many elastic fibres (allows continuous blood by stretch and recoil)
  • few smooth muscle cells
31
Q

What’s the diameter of muscular arteries?

A

up to 0.4cm (smaller than elastic arteries)

32
Q

What ‘s the function of muscular arteries?

A

distributes blood to muscles and organs

33
Q

are muscular arteries capable of vasoconstriction/dilation?

A

yes

34
Q

What are the structural adaptations of muscular arteries?

A
  • lots of smooth muscle cells in tunica media
  • lots of distinct internal and external elastic laminae
  • thick tunica externa
35
Q

are arterioles capable of vasoconstriction/dilation?

A

yes

36
Q

What’s the 2 main functions of arterioles?

A
  • controls blood flow to organs

- involved in blood pressure control

37
Q

what’s the diameter of arterioles?

A

less than 30 micrometres

38
Q

what are the structural adaptations of arterioles?

A
  • 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells in tunica media

- poorly defined tunica externa

39
Q

What’s the function of capillaries?

A
  • site of gaseous exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
40
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  • continued
  • fenestrated
  • sinusoidal
41
Q

where are continuous capillaries found? (3)

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • lungs
42
Q

What type of capillaries are most common in the human body?

A

continuous

43
Q

What’s different about fenestrated capillaries?

A

pores penetrate the endothelial lining allowing a rapid exchange of water and large solutes (faster than diffusing through)

44
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found? (3)

A 
kidney
choroid plexus (in brain)
endocrine gland
45
Q

What’s different about sinusoidal capillaries? (4)

A

they have spaces between endothelial cells
incomplete of absent basal membrane
phagocytic cells can get through
blood moves slowly through

46
Q

What do sinusoidal capillaries do?

A

allow exchanges of large solutes

47
Q

What do arterioles lead to?

A

capillary beds

48
Q

what are metaartioles?

A

arterioles that supply a single capillary bed

49
Q

what can metaarterioles do?

A

can open or close to channel blood either to the capillary bed or to cut it off/bypass it and go straight to the veins

50
Q

what do venules do?

A

collect blood from the capillary bed to deliver to small veins

51
Q

what’s the diameter of venules like?

A

varies, gets bigger closer to the heart

52
Q

how are veins classfied?

A

according to size (they get larger closer to the heart)

53
Q

what is meant by veins being easily distensible?

A

they can hold lots of blood

54
Q

what are the structural adaptations of veins?

A
  • thin walls
  • tunica externa is predominant
  • valves
55
Q

what’s the purpose of valves in veins?

A

prevent backflow

56
Q

What proportion of blood is in the venous system?

A

65-70%

57
Q

what proportion of blood is in the other vessels/heart?

A

the remaining 30-35%

58
Q

when describing things in anatomy, is the patient’s or onlookers POV used?

A

patient’s

59
Q

what does superior mean?

A

above something e.g. the head

60
Q

what does medial mean?

A

towards the middle e.g. the spine

61
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

towards the side of the body (opposite to medial) e.g. thumbs

62
Q

what does proximal mean?

A

closer to the midline e.g. the groin

63
Q

what does distal mean?

A

further from the midline e.g. feet or head

64
Q

what does inferior mean?

A

towards the feet e.g. feet

65
Q

What’s anterior/ventral?

A

the front of the human body e.g. the chest

66
Q

What’s posterior/dorsal?

A

the back of the human body e.g. the shoulder blades

67
Q

what’s the coronal plane?

A

vertical plane dividing the anterior and posterior

68
Q

what’s the midsagittal plane?

A

vertical plane dividing body into left and right

69
Q

what’s the transverse plane?

A

Horizontal plane dividing superior and inferior body

Body Systems (15 decks)

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