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Body Systems > Body Fluids and Membrane transport > Flashcards

Body Fluids and Membrane transport Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of body mass is water?

A

60%

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2
Q

if you have 42 litres of water in your body, how many would be intercellular?

A

25

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3
Q

if you have 42 litres of water in your body, how many would be extracellular?

A

17

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4
Q

If you have 17 litres of extracellular fluid how many litres are interstitial?

A

13

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5
Q

If you have 17 litres of extracellular fluid, how many litres are plasma?

A

3

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6
Q

if you have 17 litres of extracellular fluid, how many are transcellular?

A

1

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7
Q

what’s intracellular fluid?

A

fluid within cells

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8
Q

what’s extracellular fluid?

A

fluid outside cells

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9
Q

How is Interstitial fluid abbreviated?

A

ISF

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10
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

fluid between tissues

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11
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

fluids which have to pass through epithelial cells

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12
Q

Give 3 examples of transcellular fluids

A

any 3 from

  • cerebrospinal fluid (in brain)
  • urine (kidney and bladder)
  • gastrointestinal secretions (saliva, gastric fluid, bile, pancreatic juice)
  • sweat
  • aqueous and vitreous humors (in eye)
  • synovial fluid (in joints)
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13
Q

What differs between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

There’s some protein in plasma but not in interstitial fluid

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14
Q

What differs between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

A

inside cells- sodium high, potassium low- opposite outside cells

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15
Q

What are the levels of ions in transcellular fluid?

A

they vary greatly between different transcellular fluids

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16
Q

what are the 3 barriers that fluids pass between?

A
  • plasma membrane
  • capillary endothelium
  • epithelia
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17
Q

What forms the basis of plasma membrane?

A

lipids

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18
Q

what’s the permeability of plasma membrane like and why?

A

highly selective because nothing water soluble can get across without protein transport

19
Q

what’s the purpose of transport proteins?

A

allows the uptake of nutrients e.g. glucose and the export of waste products e.g. urea

20
Q

what does a plasma membrane surround?

A

cells

21
Q

what happens if more water is required inside of a cell?

A

Cl- and K+ will move into the cell leading to osmosis- the opposite occurs when there’s too much water

22
Q

what maintains a Na+ and K+ concentration gradient in the cell?

A

K+/Na+ pump

23
Q

What are the 3 types of membrane proteins?

A
  • channels
  • carriers
  • pumps
24
Q

What do channel membrane proteins do generally?

A

allow the transport of substances via passive transport

25
Q

what do channel membrane carriers do generally?

A

allow the passive transport of substances

26
Q

What do channel membrane pumps do generally?

A

allow the active transport of substances using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, without requiring a concentration gradient

27
Q

What are the 3 types of carriers?

A
  • facilitator (uniport)
  • cotransporter (symport)
  • exchanger (antiport)
28
Q

What do facilitator (uniport) carriers do?

A

move one type of ion e.g. Na+

29
Q

what do cotransporters (symport) carriers do?

A

move 2 types of ion, usually oppositely charge ions e.g. Na+ and Cl-

30
Q

what do exchanger (antiport) carriers do?

A

move 2 types of ion (usually oppositely charged) in 2 directions (1 in 1 out)

31
Q

What is the process of a cell maintaining an electrical gradient?

A
  • K+ is pumped into the cell. Gives a higher concentration of K+ making the cell positively charged
  • there is a channel which is opened and allows K+ to leave
  • this causes the inside of the cell to become negatively charged (because there’s a negative change from anions in the cell which cannot leave- the K+ can leave)
  • This makes the resting potential (difference in charge between inside and outside cell due to ion differences) approximately -70mV
32
Q

What process determines water distribution of cell?

A

osmosis

33
Q

What occurs during osmosis? (3)

A
  • water moves passively (no energy) down gradient
  • moves to area of high solute concentration
  • water distributes itself so that the osmmotic pressures inside and outside the cell are equal
34
Q

What is the capillary endothelium?

A

the very thin layer of specialised cells linking blood vessels

35
Q

how can capillary endothelium vary?

A
  • it can be leaky (highly permeable) e.g. in the kidneys

- it can be non-permeable e.g. the blood-brain barrier

36
Q

What’s the ionic concentration difference of ions between blood plasma and ISF like?

A

low (roughly the same)

37
Q

What’s the ionic concentration difference of proteins between blood plasma and ISF like?

A

high (high in plasma, low in ISF)

38
Q

What pushes blood out of the capillary into ISF from plasma?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

What is Colloid osmotic pressure?

A

a force that attracts water through endothelial cells from ISF to plasma

40
Q

What is epithelia?

A

layers of cells covering internal and external surfaces of organs and tissues

41
Q

What’s are the roles of epithelia?

A
  • protective/barrier

- important in absorption and secretion e.g. gut nutrients

42
Q

What is the apical membrane of the gut?

A

epithelial layer inside the guy

43
Q

what is the basolateral membrane of the gut?

A

epithelial layer on the outside of the gut

44
Q

How does water travel into the small intestine?

A
  • There’s a Na+/K+ pump maintaing a gradient. This means that Na+, K+ and Cl- are transported into the cell (K+ is dragged in with the other iond)
  • this means K+ is in high concentration in the internal epithelial cell
  • Cl- travels out of the membrane, so water follows by osmosis

Body Systems (15 decks)

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