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Body Systems > Basic Tissues > Flashcards

Basic Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Draw a flow chart showing the organisation of the body..

A

Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> System –> Organism

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2
Q

What’s a cell?

A

a fundamental structural and functional unit of the body

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3
Q

what’s a tissue?

A

a collection of cells that perform a particular function

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4
Q

what’s an organ?

A

multiple tissues that perform a particular function by working together

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5
Q

what’s an organism?

A

one complete inividual

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6
Q

what are the 4 basic tissues?

A
  • epithelia
  • muscle
  • connective tissue
  • nervous
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7
Q

what’s epithelial tissue?

A

tissue which covers surfaces such as large cavities and tubes e.g. stomach lining
forms glands

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? (4)

A
  • attached
  • avascular (no blood vessels running through it)
  • regeneration (can heal/replace itself)
  • polarity- 2 distinct sides
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9
Q

what are the 2 distinct sides of epithelial tissue and where are they found?

A

apical- top

basal- bottom

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10
Q

what’s the basic structure of epithelial tissues?

A

closely packed cells supported by a basement membrane

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11
Q

How is epithelia classified? (2)

A
  • number of cell layers

- shape of cells on the most superficial level

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12
Q

what are the ways to describing the number of cell layers of epithelial tissue?

A
  • simple- one layer

- stratified- 2+ layers

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13
Q

what are the shapes of epithelial cells?

A
  • squamous- flat
  • cuboidal- cube
  • columnar- rectangular
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14
Q

what does simple squamous epithelia look like?

A

one layer of flat cells

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15
Q

what’s the major function of simple squamous epithelia?

A

exchange of nutrients and gases

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16
Q

where is simple squamous epithelia found?

A

in blood vessels and alveoli

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17
Q

what does non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia look like?

A
  • flat surface cells with oval nuclei
  • no keratin
  • many layers
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18
Q

what’s the major function of non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

A

protection/ a barrier

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19
Q

where is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia found?

A

the oral cavity/ oesophagus

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20
Q

what does keratinised stratified squamous epithelia look like?

A

flat surface cells
keratin
many layers

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21
Q

what’s the main function of keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

A

protection/a barrier

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22
Q

what does keratin do in epithelia?

A

makes it waterproof

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23
Q

where is keratinised stratified squamous epithelia found?

A

in the skin

24
Q

what does simple cuboidal epithelia look like?

A

square cells with round nuclei

1 layer

25
Q

what’s the major function of simple cuboidal epithelia?

A

secretion and absorption

26
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?

A

in glands and the kidney tubules

27
Q

what does simple columnar epithelia look like?

A

tall cells with oval, basally located nuclei

1 layer

28
Q

what’s the major function of simple columnar epithelia?

A

absorption and secretion

29
Q

where is simple columnar epithelia found?

A

the gastrointestinal pathway

30
Q

what does pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells look like?

A 
tall cells
all cells touch basement membrane 
cells close together (with intercellular junctions)
cilia (small hairs)
goblet cells (secrete mucus)
31
Q

what’s the major function of pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells?

A

mucociliary escalator

32
Q

where is pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells found?

A

the trachea and large respiratory pathway

33
Q

what are intercellular junctions?

A

specialised areas of cell membranes that bind one cell to another

34
Q

what are the 4 types of intercellular junctions?

A

desmosomes
half desmosomes
tight junctions
gap junctions

35
Q

what are desmosomes and what do they do?

A

junctions located between cells next to each other
very strong connection between cells
resists twisting and stretching

36
Q

where are desmosomes found?

A

skin between stratified and squamous cells

37
Q

What does connective tissue do? (give 3)

A 
3 from:
forms structural framework for body 
supports, surrounds and interconnects all other tissue types
protects delicate organs
transports fluids and soluble materials
stores energy reserves
38
Q

what is connective tissue made up of?

A

cells within an extracellular matrix

39
Q

what are the cells of connective tissue? (give 2)

A 
2 from:
fibroblasts
adipo cysts
macrophages
mast cells
40
Q

What are fibroplasts?

A

the main type of cell which synthesises the extracellular matrix

41
Q

what is the extracellular matrix made up of? (3)

A 
3 from:
ground substance
 tissue (extracellular fluid)
fibres
collagen
 reticular,
 elastin
42
Q

what are the 2 main groups of connective tissues?

A

specialised connective tissue

connective tissue proper

43
Q

What are examples of specialised connective tissue? (3)

A

blood
bone
cartilage

44
Q

what’s connective tissue proper

A

everything else (not blood,bone or cartilage)

45
Q

Give 3 examples of connective tissue proper

A

loose areolar
dense regular
dense irregular

46
Q

describe loose areolar tissue (3)

A
  • lots of ground substance
  • few fibres (collagen/elastic)
  • variety of cells
47
Q

where’s loose areloar tissue found?

A

just under epithelium

48
Q

where’s dense irregular tissue found?

A

in dermis of skin

49
Q

describe dense irregular tissue (4)

A
  • little ground substance
  • lots of fibres
  • arranged haphazardly
  • few cells
50
Q

where’s dense regular tissue found?

A

tendons and ligaments

51
Q

describe dense regular tissue (4)

A

little ground substance
many fibres
arranged in parallel rows
few cells

52
Q

What does muscle tissue do?

A

produces movement (specialised for contraction)

53
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

cardiac
skeletal
smooth

54
Q

what are similarities between all muscle tissues? (4)

A
  • elongated
  • parallel to areas of contraction
  • numerous mitochondria (for energy)
  • contractile elements
55
Q

describe skeletal muscle (4)

A
  • attached to skeleton
  • moves and stabilises skeleton
  • forms sphincters in digestive and urinary tracts
  • involved in respiration
56
Q

describe smooth muscle (6)

A
  • located in the walls of organs e.g. gastrointestinal
  • walls of blood vessles
  • short cells
  • non striated
  • single, centrally located nucleus
  • innervated by the autonomic nervous system
57
Q

describe cardiac muscle

A
  • found in heart wall
  • branched muscle fibres (cells)
  • have gap junctions
  • striated
  • 1 or 2 central nuclei
  • intercalated discs
  • innervated by the autonomic nervous system

Body Systems (15 decks)

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