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Basic Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Draw a flow chart showing the organisation of the body..

A

Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> System –> Organism

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2
Q

What’s a cell?

A

a fundamental structural and functional unit of the body

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3
Q

what’s a tissue?

A

a collection of cells that perform a particular function

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4
Q

what’s an organ?

A

multiple tissues that perform a particular function by working together

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5
Q

what’s an organism?

A

one complete inividual

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6
Q

what are the 4 basic tissues?

A
  • epithelia
  • muscle
  • connective tissue
  • nervous
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7
Q

what’s epithelial tissue?

A

tissue which covers surfaces such as large cavities and tubes e.g. stomach lining
forms glands

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? (4)

A
  • attached
  • avascular (no blood vessels running through it)
  • regeneration (can heal/replace itself)
  • polarity- 2 distinct sides
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9
Q

what are the 2 distinct sides of epithelial tissue and where are they found?

A

apical- top

basal- bottom

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10
Q

what’s the basic structure of epithelial tissues?

A

closely packed cells supported by a basement membrane

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11
Q

How is epithelia classified? (2)

A
  • number of cell layers

- shape of cells on the most superficial level

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12
Q

what are the ways to describing the number of cell layers of epithelial tissue?

A
  • simple- one layer

- stratified- 2+ layers

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13
Q

what are the shapes of epithelial cells?

A
  • squamous- flat
  • cuboidal- cube
  • columnar- rectangular
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14
Q

what does simple squamous epithelia look like?

A

one layer of flat cells

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15
Q

what’s the major function of simple squamous epithelia?

A

exchange of nutrients and gases

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16
Q

where is simple squamous epithelia found?

A

in blood vessels and alveoli

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17
Q

what does non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia look like?

A
  • flat surface cells with oval nuclei
  • no keratin
  • many layers
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18
Q

what’s the major function of non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

A

protection/ a barrier

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19
Q

where is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia found?

A

the oral cavity/ oesophagus

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20
Q

what does keratinised stratified squamous epithelia look like?

A

flat surface cells
keratin
many layers

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21
Q

what’s the main function of keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

A

protection/a barrier

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22
Q

what does keratin do in epithelia?

A

makes it waterproof

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23
Q

where is keratinised stratified squamous epithelia found?

A

in the skin

24
Q

what does simple cuboidal epithelia look like?

A

square cells with round nuclei

1 layer

25
what's the major function of simple cuboidal epithelia?
secretion and absorption
26
where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?
in glands and the kidney tubules
27
what does simple columnar epithelia look like?
tall cells with oval, basally located nuclei | 1 layer
28
what's the major function of simple columnar epithelia?
absorption and secretion
29
where is simple columnar epithelia found?
the gastrointestinal pathway
30
what does pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells look like?
``` tall cells all cells touch basement membrane cells close together (with intercellular junctions) cilia (small hairs) goblet cells (secrete mucus) ```
31
what's the major function of pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells?
mucociliary escalator
32
where is pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells found?
the trachea and large respiratory pathway
33
what are intercellular junctions?
specialised areas of cell membranes that bind one cell to another
34
what are the 4 types of intercellular junctions?
desmosomes half desmosomes tight junctions gap junctions
35
what are desmosomes and what do they do?
junctions located between cells next to each other very strong connection between cells resists twisting and stretching
36
where are desmosomes found?
skin between stratified and squamous cells
37
What does connective tissue do? (give 3)
``` 3 from: forms structural framework for body supports, surrounds and interconnects all other tissue types protects delicate organs transports fluids and soluble materials stores energy reserves ```
38
what is connective tissue made up of?
cells within an extracellular matrix
39
what are the cells of connective tissue? (give 2)
``` 2 from: fibroblasts adipo cysts macrophages mast cells ```
40
What are fibroplasts?
the main type of cell which synthesises the extracellular matrix
41
what is the extracellular matrix made up of? (3)
``` 3 from: ground substance tissue (extracellular fluid) fibres collagen reticular, elastin ```
42
what are the 2 main groups of connective tissues?
specialised connective tissue | connective tissue proper
43
What are examples of specialised connective tissue? (3)
blood bone cartilage
44
what's connective tissue proper
everything else (not blood,bone or cartilage)
45
Give 3 examples of connective tissue proper
loose areolar dense regular dense irregular
46
describe loose areolar tissue (3)
- lots of ground substance - few fibres (collagen/elastic) - variety of cells
47
where's loose areloar tissue found?
just under epithelium
48
where's dense irregular tissue found?
in dermis of skin
49
describe dense irregular tissue (4)
- little ground substance - lots of fibres - arranged haphazardly - few cells
50
where's dense regular tissue found?
tendons and ligaments
51
describe dense regular tissue (4)
little ground substance many fibres arranged in parallel rows few cells
52
What does muscle tissue do?
produces movement (specialised for contraction)
53
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
cardiac skeletal smooth
54
what are similarities between all muscle tissues? (4)
- elongated - parallel to areas of contraction - numerous mitochondria (for energy) - contractile elements
55
describe skeletal muscle (4)
- attached to skeleton - moves and stabilises skeleton - forms sphincters in digestive and urinary tracts - involved in respiration
56
describe smooth muscle (6)
- located in the walls of organs e.g. gastrointestinal - walls of blood vessles - short cells - non striated - single, centrally located nucleus - innervated by the autonomic nervous system
57
describe cardiac muscle
- found in heart wall - branched muscle fibres (cells) - have gap junctions - striated - 1 or 2 central nuclei - intercalated discs - innervated by the autonomic nervous system

Body Systems (15 decks)

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