Anatomy of the lungs and chest wall

Question 1

how many lungs do we have?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

where are the lungs located?

Answer 2

the thoracic cavity

Question 3

what separates the lungs?

Answer 3

mediastinum

Question 4

where do the lungs extend from and to?

Answer 4

neck to diaphragm

Question 5

what does the diaphragm separate?

Answer 5

thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 6

what shape are lungs?

Answer 6

conical

Question 7

what sort of texture do lungs have?

Answer 7

soft and spongy

Question 8

what does each lung have?

Answer 8

apex

3 surfaces

Question 9

where’s the lung’s apex found?

Answer 9

above the clavical (collarbone)

Question 10

what are the 3 surfaces of the lung?

Answer 10

diaphragmatic (base)
costal
mediastinal

Question 11

what’s the diaphragmatic surface of the lung?

Answer 11

the base

Question 12

what’s the costal surface of the lung in contact with?

Answer 12

the ribs

Question 13

what’s the mediastinal surface of the lung in contact with?

Answer 13

mediastinum

Question 14

how is the shape of the right lung different to that of the left?

Answer 14

wider and shorter

Question 15

how many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

what are the 3 lobes of the right lung?

Answer 16

superior, middle, inferor

Question 17

what separates the superior and middle lobes of the lungs?

Answer 17

horizontal fissure

Question 18

what separates the middle and inferior lobes of the lungs?

Answer 18

oblique fissure

Question 19

how is the left lung different to the right lung?

Answer 19

it’s narrower and shorter

Question 20

how many lobes in the left lung?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

what are the 2 lobes of the left lung?

Answer 21

superior and inferior

Question 22

what separates the superior and inferior lobes of the lungs?

Answer 22

oblique fissure

Question 23

what does Hilum mean?

Answer 23

highway

Question 24

what surface is the hilum of the lung found?

Answer 24

mediastinal surface

Question 25

what is the Hilum?

Answer 25

area where blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and bronchi enter the lungs

Question 26

what does the hole where the bronchi enter the lungs feel like?

Answer 26

hard

Question 27

what is meant by the compliance/distensibility of the lungs?

Answer 27

the ability for the lungs to expand

Question 28

what is lung compliance affected by? (3)

Answer 28

connective tissue structure of the lungs level of surfactant mobility of the thoracic cage

Question 29

what does the elastic tissue/elasticity of the lung allow?

Answer 29

lung expansion during inspiration and recoil during expiration

Question 30

what's the pleura?

Answer 30

double layered serous membrane

Question 31

what are the 2 layers to the pleura?

Answer 31

visceral and parietal

Question 32

where's the visceral pleura found?

Answer 32

attached to the lung- can't be removed from the lungs

Question 33

where's the parietal pleura found?

Answer 33

attached to the thoracic wall and diaphragm

Question 34

what's the parietal cavity?

Answer 34

space between visceral and parietal pleura containing a thin layer of serous fluid

Question 35

what are the 3 functions of the pleura?

Answer 35

- reduces friction when breathing- pleural fluid - creates a pressure gradient which assists in ventilation - compartmentalises each lung therefore reduces spread of infection

Question 36

what does the bony thorax form?

Answer 36

skeleton of chest wall

Question 37

what does the bony thorax consist of- generally?

Answer 37

12 pairs of ribs 12 thoracic vertebrae sternum

Question 38

what types of rib are found, how many and what are they?

Answer 38

7 pairs of true- attached to sternum by costal cartilage 3 pairs are false - attach to costal cartilage above 2 pairs are floating- no costal cartilage, not attached to sternum

Question 39

where the thoracic vertebrae found?

Answer 39

the back

Question 40

where is the sternum found?

Answer 40

front

Question 41

by what more common name is the sternum known?

Answer 41

breast bone

Question 42

what does the sternum consist of?

Answer 42

- manubrium - body - xiphisternum

Question 43

what direction to ribs slope?

Answer 43

forward and downwards

Question 44

what is a rib made up of?

Answer 44

head tubercle shaft

Question 45

how are ribs attached to the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 45

by their head and tubercle

Question 46

which ribs are attached by costal cartilage to the sternum?

Answer 46

1-10

Question 47

what are intercostal muscles?

Answer 47

muscles which span intercostal spaces- between ribs

Question 48

what are the 3 intercostal muscles?

Answer 48

- external - internal - innermost

Question 49

which direction to the fibres of external intercostal muscles run?

Answer 49

supero-lateral to inferior- medial--> down to middle

Question 50

what direction to the fibres of internal intercostal muscles run?

Answer 50

infero-lateral to supero- medial --> up to middle

Question 51

where do intercostal vessels and nerves flow?

Answer 51

through intercostal space

Question 52

which areas do intercostal vessels and nerves supply?

Answer 52

muscles, pleura and skin

Question 53

what shape is the diaphragm?

Answer 53

dome shaped

Question 54

what sort of tissue is the diaphragm?

Answer 54

skeletal muscle

Question 55

what's the diaphragm attached to? (4)

Answer 55

Xiphisternum costal margin 11th-12th ribs lumbar vertebrae

Question 56

what innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 56

phrenic nerve

Question 57

what's the most important muscle of ventilation?

Answer 57

diaphragm

Question 58

what other muscles act on the thoracic wall? (3)

Answer 58

pectoral sternocleidomastoid scalenes

Question 59

what do pectoral muscles do?

Answer 59

attached to bony thorax | contract to bring chest up and out and expand during inspiration

Question 60

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

Answer 60

pulls up the thorax

Question 61

what do scalene muscles do?

Answer 61

attach to ribs to aid the up and out rib movement