Stroke Flashcards
1
Q
Discuss the classification of stroke
A
Haemorrhagic
- vascular (abnormal vessels)
- intravascular (bleeding disorder)
Ischaemic
- arterial
- venous
2
Q
What are the causes of stroke in children?
A
Heart disease - rheumatic - congenital cyanotic - SBE - cardiomyopathy Hypercoaguable state - sickle cell - polycythemia - dehydration - F V Leiden - protein C/S deficiency Vasculopathy - moya moya - aneurysm - AVM - Sturge Weber syndrome Vasculitis - connective tissue disorder - autoimmune - varicella Bleeding disorder Trauma - carotid thrombosis - vertebral aa thrombosis Infection - bacteria, viral, TB - varicella - HIV - mastoiditis Metabolic Syndromic
3
Q
How will an arterial ischaemic stroke in anterior circulation present?
A
Hemiparesis
Facial palsy
Seizures common
4
Q
How will an arterial ischaemic stroke in posterior circulation present?
A
Dysphasia
Headache
Nausea
5
Q
How will an arterial ischaemic stroke in due to cerebral bleed present?
A
Severe headache
Hemiplegia
Seizures
Coma
6
Q
How will an arterial ischaemic stroke due to venous thrombosis present?
A
Headache Vomiting Seizures Altered mental state Hemiplagia
7
Q
Name risk factors for neonatal stroke
A
Foetal - twins - polycythaemia Maternal - autoimmune - drug abuse - infection - clotting Placental - abruptio - chorioamnionitis - placental thrombosis Birth - carotid injury - resus
8
Q
Discuss management of a stroke in a child
A
MRI > CT Investigate cause - cardiac sonar - ecg - carotid doppler - FBC - ESR - clotting profile - LP - Hb electrophoresis - UKE - lipid profile - lactate - protein c/s
Treat Acute - maintain vitals - treat cause - refer to neurosurgery if bleed - manage seizures - manage incr ICP - antithrombotic therapy Chronic - rehab
9
Q
Name poor prognostic factors for paediatric stroke
A
Seizure
LOC
Persistent hemi
Cortex involvement
10
Q
Name sequelae of paediatric strokes
A
Hemiparesis Learning problems Cognitive impairment Epilepsy Visual field deficit
