Imaging

Question 1

Give an approach to CXR

Answer 1

Identify patient
Situs (liver, stomach bubble, apex)
Heart
VACTERL
Upper mediastinum
Lungs

Question 2

What is situs solitus?

Answer 2

Liver right, stomach left

Question 3

What is situs invertus?

Answer 3

Abdominal organs swopped

Question 4

What is levocardia?

Answer 4

Apex pointing left

Question 5

What is dextrocardia?

Answer 5

Apex pointing right

Question 6

What is dextroposition?

Answer 6

Heart shifted to right chest cavity

Question 7

What is “snowman” a sign of?

Answer 7

TAPVD

Question 8

What is “sail” sign?

Answer 8

Pneumomediastinum

Thymic shadow in children

Question 9

How do you calculate cardiothoracic ratio?

Answer 9

Infant <60%

Adult <50%

Question 10

What is a differential for a wall-to-wall heart?

Answer 10

Ebstein anomaly
Pericardial effusion
Pulmonary atresia w/o VSD

Question 11

How do you identify right atrium enlargement on CXR?

Answer 11

AP: prominent right heart border

Question 12

How do you identify right ventricle enlargement on CXR?

Answer 12

Lat: increased sternal contact >bottom 1/3

Question 13

How do you identify left atrium enlargement on CXR?

Answer 13

AP: angle of carina >60
Lat: prominent post bulge into oesophagus

Question 14

How do you identify left ventricle enlargement on CXR?

Answer 14

AP: Apex displaced
Lat: incr diaphragm contact >ant 1/3

Question 15

How does pulmonary blood flow affect lung vascularity?

Answer 15

Incr = plethora
Decr = oligaemia

Question 16

What is “egg on string” a sign of?

Answer 16

Transposition of the great vessels

Question 17

What is “boot shape” a sign of?

Answer 17

ToF