Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACC > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

Ischaemic

Haemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ischaemic stroke can be subdivided into what?

A

> 24 hrs (ischaemic)

<24 hrs (TIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which type ischaemic or haemorrhagic is more common?

A

Ischaemic (85%)

Haemorrhagic (15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Features of a stroke? (5)

A 
Motor weakness - contralateral
Speech problems (dysphasia)
Swallowing problems
Visual field defects
Balance problems 
Facial palsy - ipsilateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cerebral hemisphere infarct features? (4)

A

contralateral hemiplegia
contralateral sensory loss
homonymous hemianopia (visual field loss on the same side of both eyes)
dysphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brainstem infarction features?

A

May result in more severe symptoms including quadriplegia and lock-in-syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lacunar infarct features? (small infarcts around the basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus and pons)

A

Pure motor, pure sensory, mixed motor and sensory signs or ataxia
No visual or speech disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stroke Types (Oxford Stroke Classification - also known as the Bamford Classification)

A

Total anterior circulation infarcts (15%)
Partial anterior circulation infarcts (25%)
Lacunar infarcts (25%)
Poster circulation infarcts (25%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Total anterior circulation infarcts symptoms?

Involves which arteries?

A
  1. unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm & leg (contralateral)
  2. homonymous hemianopia
  3. higher cognitive dysfunction e.g. dysphasia

Involves middle and anterior cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Partial anterior circulation infarcts symptoms?

Involves which arteries?

A

2 of:

  1. unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm & leg (contralateral)
  2. homonymous hemianopia
  3. higher cognitive dysfunction e.g. dysphasia

involves smaller arteries of anterior circulation e.g. upper or lower division of middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lacunar infarcts symptoms?

Involves which arteries?

A

1 of the following:

  1. C/L weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of face and arm, arm and leg or all three.
  2. ataxic hemiparesis
  3. Dysarthria/clumsy hand
  4. Pure sensory stroke

small infarcts around the basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus and pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Poster circulation infarcts symptoms?

Involves which arteries?

A

1 of the following:

  1. cerebellar or brainstem syndromes
  2. loss of consciousness
  3. isolated homonymous hemianopia

involves vertebrobasilar arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Although symptoms only cannot differentiate between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke, symptoms of haemorrhagic stroke are more likely to be? (4)

A

decrease in the level of consciousness: seen in up to 50% of patients
headache
nausea and vomiting
seizures occur in up to 25% of patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the FAST campaign?

A

Face - ‘Has their face fallen on one side? Can they smile?’
Arms - ‘Can they raise both arms and keep them there?’
Speech - ‘Is their speech slurred?’
Ttime - ‘Time to call 999 if you see any single one of these signs.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the stroke score used by health professionals?

A

ROSIER score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must you exclude first before the ROSIER score is started?

A

hypoglycaemia

17
Q

What is ROSIER score? (7)

A 
Loss of consciousness or syncope	- 1 point
Seizure activity	- 1 point
New, acute onset of:	
• asymmetric facial weakness	+ 1 point
• asymmetric arm weakness	+ 1 point
• asymmetric leg weakness	+ 1 point
• speech disturbance	+ 1 point
• visual field defect	+ 1 point
18
Q

What score is a stroke likely?

A

> 0

19
Q

Indications for thrombolysis?

A

ischaemic stroke
patients present with 4.5 hours of onset of stroke symptoms
the patient has not had a previous intracranial haemorrhage, uncontrolled hypertension, pregnant etc

20
Q

Mx of ischaemic stroke <4.5 hrs of onset of symptoms?

A

Thrombolyse with tissue plasminogen activator – IV alteplase

21
Q

Mx ischaemic stroke >4.5 hrs of onset of symptoms?

A

Start 300 mg aspirin immediately

Carotid doppler

22
Q

What score is used to assess TIA?

A

ABCD^2:

Age: >= 60 yrs (1pt)
BP: >= 140/90 mmHg (1pt)
Clinical features: unilateral weakness (2pts)
speech disturbance (1pt)
Duration of symptoms: >60 mins (2 pts)
10-59 mins (1pt)
Diabetes present (1pt)

23
Q

High risk score for patients with suspected TIA ?

A

4 or above

24
Q

Mx of patients with suspected TIA with a score of 4 or above? (3)

A

aspirin (300 mg daily) started immediately

specialist assessment and investigation within 24 hours of onset of symptoms

measures for secondary prevention introduced as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, including discussion of individual risk factors

Carotid doppler

25
Q

Mx of hemorrhagic stroke?

What should be stopped?

A
  • fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate
  • vitamin K

Anticoagulants and anti-thrombotic medication (e.g. warfarin & clopidegrel)

ACC (96 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions