Local Anaesthetics Flashcards
Name the two types of LA’s?
Esters
Amides
Short duration esters? (3)
procaine, benzocaine, cocaine
Medium duration esters?
Prilocaine
Dose of Prilocaine?
6 mg/kg
Long duration esters?
Amethocaine
Medium duration Amides & doses?
When can is it lignocaine/lidocaine with adrenaline contraindicated?
Lignocaine without adrenaline: 3mg/kg
Lignocaine with adrenaline: 7 mg/kg
Used near extremities due to risk of ischaemia –> vasoconstriction
Long duration amides and dose?
Bupivacaine/levobupivacaine with/without adrenaline: 2mg/kg
LA toxicity - CNS effects? (5)
Tremors Agitation Restlesness Perioral numbness Convulsions
LA toxicity - CVS effects? (4)
Bradycardia Hypotension Heart block Arrhythmias Cardiac arrest
LA toxicity - RS effects?
Suppresses cough reflex during laryngoscopy & intubation
Rx?
Treat seizures (BZD’s, propofol, thiopentone), arrhythmia, & hypotension
Definitive Mx: Intralipid 20% 1.5ml/kg over 1 min, then 15ml/kg /hr.
Majority of wounds in ED uses which LA and at what % and w/without adrenaline?
1% lidocaine without adrenaline
Why would you not use adrenaline in any local infiltration around an end artery?
Risk of perfusion to the distal finger
If obstetric patient with LA toxicity - perform c-section with how long?
5 minutes
