Stroke

Question 1

what is an ischemic stroke

Answer 1

when there is a blood clot that occludes a vessel in the brain (mostly middle cerebreal), resulting in hypoxia and neuronal cell death

Question 2

what cerebral vessel has ischemic stroke most often

Answer 2

middle cerebral

Question 3

an ischemic stroke can be of what two types

Answer 3

thrombotic or embolic

Question 4

where is blood clot in thrombolic

Answer 4

occludes a cerebral artery

Question 5

“occludes a cerebral artery “ describes what stroke

Answer 5

thromobtic

Question 6

where is blood close in embolic

Answer 6

blood clot breaks off from somewhere in the body and blocks a smaller artery in the brain

Question 7

“blood clot breaks off from somewhere in the body and blocks a smaller artery in the brain” describes what stroke

Answer 7

Embolic

Question 8

what are the two types of stroke

Answer 8

ischemic (thrombotic and embolic)
hemmorhagic

Question 9

what is hemmorhagic stroke

Answer 9

A hemorrhagic stroke is when there is a rupture of a blood vessel, again resulting in hypoxia and neuronal cell death.

Question 10

a rupture of a vessel is an ishemic or hemmorganic stroke

Answer 10

hemmorgaic

Question 11

an occlusion of a vessel is an ishemic or hemmorganic stroke

Answer 11

ischemic

Question 12

what are the affected area of a stroke (very general)

Answer 12

Any area supplied by that blood vessel can be affected as well as the surrounding areas due to secondary cell death and/or swelling during a hemorrhagic stroke

Question 13

why can surrounding areas be affected be a stroke

Answer 13

due to secondary cell death and/or swelling during a hemorrhagic stroke

Question 14

with a right MCV CVA the most commonly affected areas of the brain are what

Answer 14

those involved in motor function of the right body (primary motor cortex), language (Broca’s area), swallowing (motor cortex), executive functioning (frontal lobe), memory (temporal lobe) and attention (parietal lobe).

Question 15

language is in what brain area

Answer 15

brocas

Question 16

memory is in what lobe

Answer 16

temoral

Question 17

attention is in what lobe

Answer 17

parietal

Question 18

executive functioning is what lobe

Answer 18

frontal

Question 19

strokes have a higher prevalence in what groups of people

Answer 19

Strokes have a higher prevalence in males, people of African or South Asian heritage, and in middle-to-low income countries. Increased risk with age (>64 y/o).

Question 20

true or false: more women are affected by strokes than men

Answer 20

false, men are

Question 21

what heritages are more at risk for strokr

Answer 21

african or south asian

Question 22

is there an age factor related to strokes

Answer 22

yes, at greater risk with age (greater than 64)

Question 23

what age are you at greater risk for stroek

Answer 23

greater than 64

Question 24

what are the modifiable risk factors for stroke

Answer 24

excessive drug/alcohol use, smoking, physical inactivity, diet, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac diseases, use of contraceptive/postmenopausal hormone, obesity.

Question 25

what are the non modifiable risk factors

Answer 25

older age, race/ethnicity, heredity, sex

Question 26

example the FAST signs

Answer 26

Face (drooping), Arms (whether arms can be raised without assistance, potential weakness in right arm), Speech slurring), and Time (reminds bystanders to seek immediate medical help).

Question 27

fast signs indicate onset or termination of stroke

Answer 27

onset

Question 28

true or false: no matter the location of the stroke, the impairments will be the same

Answer 28

false, depend on the location

Question 29

what are the common symptoms of a strolke

Answer 29

hemiparesis/hemiplegia, speech difficulties (dysarthria, aphasia), dysphagia, ataxia, impaired spatial awareness (neglect), numbness, problems with balance/coordination, cognitive and visual deficits.

Question 30

true or false: hemiplegia is associated with MS

Answer 30

false, with stroke

Question 31

how can you get a differential diagnosis for stroke

Answer 31

Noncontrast CT scan: blood clot and areas of insufficient blood flow can be detected. MRI can give more detail if needed. Neurologic exam:

Question 32

what does non contrast CT do for strokes

Answer 32

blood clot and areas of insufficient blood flow can be detected

Question 33

what are the other associated conditions with stroke

Answer 33

vascular dementia, cardiac arrhythmias, other acute cardiac conditions (blood clots) and depression.

Question 34

what are the main functional implications of a stroke (be general)

Answer 34

difficulty with ADLS diff with ability to talk productive issues (work) leisure issues may avoid social gatherings increased dependency

Question 35

explain some ADls stroke people deal with

Answer 35

eating, dressing, toileting, bathing, functional ambulation, stairs, cooking, housekeeping, driving, groceries

Question 36

true or false, people with stroke have no isuseswith communication

Answer 36

false, the struggle with communication (especially if brocas)

Question 37

why do some stroke patients avoid social gatherings

Answer 37

due to distress and anxiety because they are not able to communicate well and move with ease and have an increased risk of future stroke incidence.

Question 38

what is stroke rehab with PT

Answer 38

Work on muscle strengthening, ROM, coordination and gait to improve strength/atrophy. Use neuroplasticity to regain impaired movements through specific and repetitive exercises.

Question 39

what is stroke rehab in OT

Answer 39

Helps with daily skills to perform ADLs/IADLs and eventually productivity and leisure. Progressive return to daily activities helps improve mental health. Both through treatment activities and adaptation of environment. OTs can also assist with dysphagia depending on the site.

Question 40

true or false: only SLP can assess dysphasia

Answer 40

OT can too depending on location

Question 41

how do SLP help with stroke patients

Answer 41

help with aphasia/dysphagia to improve communication skills

Question 42

can dieticians help for stroke

Answer 42

yes, improve their diet

Question 43

why do stroke patients need social worker

Answer 43

they become more dependent on family for family suppoer

Question 44

what is the medical treatment for stroke

Answer 44

Ischemic CVA given Thrombolytic drugs (tPA) if within 4 hours (dissolves clot). Hemorrhagic CVA: evacuation of a hematoma/removal of bone flab (if needed). Potential neurosurgery (if possible and needed) Other medications include anticoagulant, antiplatelet, blood pressure control and statins (reduce blood cholesterol levels).

Question 45

Ischemic CVA are given what for treatment

Answer 45

thrombotic drugs (TPA) if within 4 hours to dissolve clot

Question 46

within how many hours can we give thrombotic drugs

Answer 46

within 4 hours

Question 47

what is the medical treatment for a hemmoragic stroke

Answer 47

Hemorrhagic CVA: evacuation of a hematoma/removal of bone flab (if needed).

Question 48

what are some stroke medications

Answer 48

TPA anticoagulant, antiplatelet, blood pressure control and statins (reduce blood cholesterol levels).