MS Flashcards
what is MS
MS is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by the destruction of myelin and nerve fibers by the immune system. This interferes with neural transmissions of signal between the brain and spinal cord, and the rest of the body.
true or false: MS is an autoimmune disorder
true
does MS affected CNS or PNS
CNS
what is MS categorized by
destruction of myelin and nerve fibers by the immune system
what other condition can destroy myelin
guillane barre
diabetes
true or false, demyelination only happens in white matter
false also grey matter
the demyelination causes lesions that cause what type of deficits
cognitive, sensory, and motor deficits, as well as contribute to rapid brain atrophy
does MS lead to rapid brain atrohpy
yes
what specific nerve can be affected by MS
optic nerve, so vision can be compromised
true or false: vision is not compromised with MS
false, it is because optic n can be affected
what is the main type of MS
relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS
true or false, secondary progressive is main type of MS
false, relapsing remitting is
explain relapsing remitting
attacks (replases) followed by recovery (remissions).
attacks (replases) followed by recovery (remissions). describes what MS
relapsing remitting MS (RRMS)
patients who have RRMS will transition to what
secondary progressive MS
true or false in secondary progressive there are fewer relapses
true
10% of patients with MS will be diagnosed with what type
primary progressive MS (PPMS)
what is primary progressive MS
worsening symptoms without clear relapses or remissions.
worsening symptoms without clear relapses or remissions. is what MS
primary progressive MS
fewer relapses is associated with what MS
secondary progressive
true or false: the cause of MS are know
false they are unknown
what it the believed cause of MS
believed to be triggered by a combination of factors, including immunology, epidemiology, genetics, and other diseases.
what are some “risk factors” of MS
vitamin d deficiency
living far from equator
infections (epstein barr)
genetic risk
childhood obesity
smoking
autoimmune disease
what type of deficiency has been linked to increase risk of MS
vit d
explain vit d deficiency and MS
Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to have a causal relationship with increased risks of MS. This is linked to living further from the equator (environmental factor) due to insufficient UVB exposure.
is there an environmental factor associated with MS risk
yes, living further from the equator (environmental factor) due to insufficient UVB exposure.
what is an example of a virus that is linked to MS
causality from the Epstein-Barr virus
explain genetic risk of MS
genetic risk is present. The likelihood of developing MS increases the closer a diagnosed relative is to you
how many people does MS affect
2.8 mil
what gender is more likely to have MS (and by what factor)
females are three times more likely to have MS
what is an explanation for why women are more at risk of MS
This could be due to sex hormones and adipose tissue, which causes inflammation, which is thought to play a role in MS
what is general age of disagnosis
diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50
true or false, patients with MS are diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 30
false, 20 and 50
what ethnicity is MS more prevalent in
caucasians
what ethnicity is likely to have worse prognosis for MS
African-Americans and Hispanics
the The signs and symptoms associated with MS will vary depending on what
the amount of nerve damage and the nerves affected
explain motor symptoms of MS
numbness and weakness of one or more limbs (usually on 1 side of the body)
true or falsee, in MS there is usually weakness more on one side of the body
true
explain coordination symptoms of MS
Lack of coordination of movements and unstable gait and decreased balance
explain the visual symptoms of MS
Visual impairments are often associated with MS. These visual problems can include partial or complete loss of vision, prolonged double or blurry vision, and pain with eye movement
true or false; bladder and bowel, but not sexual functions are associated with MS
false, also sexual
are there are mental affects of MS
cognitive difficulties and mood changes
is there a specific diagnostic test for MS
no
since there are no no specific tests that allow diagnosis for MS how do you ruling out other conditions
based on the signs and symptoms is the main factor for a differential diagnosis.
what are some additional associated conditions with MS
depression, muscle spasms, severe weakness or paralysis, typically in the legs. Epileptic seizures are also more common in people who have multiple sclerosis.
what additional impairment is more common in people with MS
epileptic seizures
explain affect of MS on ADLS and iADLS
ADLs and IADLs.
It can also be difficult to see and therefore drive, navigate or simply read because of difficulties with vision.
explain the issue with physical tasks and MS
Physical tasks could also be laborious, so one might need to change jobs. However, going into a more sedentary job often necessitates dexterity, which could also be challenging
true or false, people with MS have to stop physical acuity
false, they may need to stop
why can you not plan for long term in MS
dont know what limitation will arise
explain cognitive difficulty examples in MS
. Cognitive difficulties can cause limitations in day-to-day tasks like following a complex recipe or remembering to take medication or to pay the bills as well as more work tasks.
WHAT are functional implications of MS (general bolded answers)
difficulty with ADLs and iADLS
difficulty seeing
physical tasks are difficult
cannot plan long term
cognitive difficulties
fatigue
sensory difficulties
explain the affect of Fatigue and MS
Fatigue can cause difficulties with completing tasks that involve physical or mental endurance (work, taking care of children, reading, etc.)
how can OTs help with stroke
home assessment, providing tools and strategies to help with meaningful occupations. Hand therapy will help with their ADLs. Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive strategies to improve memory, concentration, and problem-solving. Visual motor rehabilitation. Balance and coordination. Education on possible adapted equipment. Sensory re-education.
how can PTs help with MS
stretching, ROM and strengthening programs to strengthen muscles, decrease spasticity, and improve gait, balance, and coordination.
can meds help with MS
Medications can reduce the rate of relapse (worsening of symptoms) and slow MS progression. They can be taken orally or by infusion
what are the types of meds used for MS
. These include beta-interferons which are commonly used to decrease inflammation and
steroids to reduce symptoms during a relapse.
If the relapse symptoms do not respond to steroids, plasmapheresis can be used.
If the relapse symptoms do not respond to steroids what can u use instead
plasmapheresis can be used.
