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cases for neurophysiology > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

what is MS

A

MS is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by the destruction of myelin and nerve fibers by the immune system. This interferes with neural transmissions of signal between the brain and spinal cord, and the rest of the body.

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2
Q

true or false: MS is an autoimmune disorder

A

true

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3
Q

does MS affected CNS or PNS

A

CNS

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4
Q

what is MS categorized by

A

destruction of myelin and nerve fibers by the immune system

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5
Q

what other condition can destroy myelin

A

guillane barre
diabetes

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6
Q

true or false, demyelination only happens in white matter

A

false also grey matter

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7
Q

the demyelination causes lesions that cause what type of deficits

A

cognitive, sensory, and motor deficits, as well as contribute to rapid brain atrophy

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8
Q

does MS lead to rapid brain atrohpy

A

yes

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9
Q

what specific nerve can be affected by MS

A

optic nerve, so vision can be compromised

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10
Q

true or false: vision is not compromised with MS

A

false, it is because optic n can be affected

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11
Q

what is the main type of MS

A

relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS

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12
Q

true or false, secondary progressive is main type of MS

A

false, relapsing remitting is

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13
Q

explain relapsing remitting

A

attacks (replases) followed by recovery (remissions).

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14
Q

attacks (replases) followed by recovery (remissions). describes what MS

A

relapsing remitting MS (RRMS)

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15
Q

patients who have RRMS will transition to what

A

secondary progressive MS

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16
Q

true or false in secondary progressive there are fewer relapses

A

true

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17
Q

10% of patients with MS will be diagnosed with what type

A

primary progressive MS (PPMS)

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18
Q

what is primary progressive MS

A

worsening symptoms without clear relapses or remissions.

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19
Q

worsening symptoms without clear relapses or remissions. is what MS

A

primary progressive MS

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20
Q

fewer relapses is associated with what MS

A

secondary progressive

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21
Q

true or false: the cause of MS are know

A

false they are unknown

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22
Q

what it the believed cause of MS

A

believed to be triggered by a combination of factors, including immunology, epidemiology, genetics, and other diseases.

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23
Q

what are some “risk factors” of MS

A

vitamin d deficiency
living far from equator
infections (epstein barr)
genetic risk
childhood obesity
smoking
autoimmune disease

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24
Q

what type of deficiency has been linked to increase risk of MS

25
explain vit d deficiency and MS
Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to have a causal relationship with increased risks of MS. This is linked to living further from the equator (environmental factor) due to insufficient UVB exposure.
26
is there an environmental factor associated with MS risk
yes, living further from the equator (environmental factor) due to insufficient UVB exposure.
27
what is an example of a virus that is linked to MS
causality from the Epstein-Barr virus
28
explain genetic risk of MS
genetic risk is present. The likelihood of developing MS increases the closer a diagnosed relative is to you
29
how many people does MS affect
2.8 mil
30
what gender is more likely to have MS (and by what factor)
females are three times more likely to have MS
31
what is an explanation for why women are more at risk of MS
This could be due to sex hormones and adipose tissue, which causes inflammation, which is thought to play a role in MS
32
what is general age of disagnosis
diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50
33
true or false, patients with MS are diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 30
false, 20 and 50
34
what ethnicity is MS more prevalent in
caucasians
35
what ethnicity is likely to have worse prognosis for MS
African-Americans and Hispanics
36
the The signs and symptoms associated with MS will vary depending on what
the amount of nerve damage and the nerves affected
37
explain motor symptoms of MS
numbness and weakness of one or more limbs (usually on 1 side of the body)
38
true or falsee, in MS there is usually weakness more on one side of the body
true
39
explain coordination symptoms of MS
Lack of coordination of movements and unstable gait and decreased balance
40
explain the visual symptoms of MS
Visual impairments are often associated with MS. These visual problems can include partial or complete loss of vision, prolonged double or blurry vision, and pain with eye movement
41
true or false; bladder and bowel, but not sexual functions are associated with MS
false, also sexual
42
are there are mental affects of MS
cognitive difficulties and mood changes
43
is there a specific diagnostic test for MS
no
44
since there are no no specific tests that allow diagnosis for MS how do you ruling out other conditions
based on the signs and symptoms is the main factor for a differential diagnosis.
45
what are some additional associated conditions with MS
depression, muscle spasms, severe weakness or paralysis, typically in the legs. Epileptic seizures are also more common in people who have multiple sclerosis.
46
what additional impairment is more common in people with MS
epileptic seizures
47
explain affect of MS on ADLS and iADLS
ADLs and IADLs. It can also be difficult to see and therefore drive, navigate or simply read because of difficulties with vision.
48
explain the issue with physical tasks and MS
Physical tasks could also be laborious, so one might need to change jobs. However, going into a more sedentary job often necessitates dexterity, which could also be challenging
49
true or false, people with MS have to stop physical acuity
false, they may need to stop
50
why can you not plan for long term in MS
dont know what limitation will arise
51
explain cognitive difficulty examples in MS
. Cognitive difficulties can cause limitations in day-to-day tasks like following a complex recipe or remembering to take medication or to pay the bills as well as more work tasks.
52
WHAT are functional implications of MS (general bolded answers)
difficulty with ADLs and iADLS difficulty seeing physical tasks are difficult cannot plan long term cognitive difficulties fatigue sensory difficulties
53
explain the affect of Fatigue and MS
Fatigue can cause difficulties with completing tasks that involve physical or mental endurance (work, taking care of children, reading, etc.)
54
how can OTs help with stroke
home assessment, providing tools and strategies to help with meaningful occupations. Hand therapy will help with their ADLs. Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive strategies to improve memory, concentration, and problem-solving. Visual motor rehabilitation. Balance and coordination. Education on possible adapted equipment. Sensory re-education.
55
how can PTs help with MS
stretching, ROM and strengthening programs to strengthen muscles, decrease spasticity, and improve gait, balance, and coordination.
56
can meds help with MS
Medications can reduce the rate of relapse (worsening of symptoms) and slow MS progression. They can be taken orally or by infusion
57
what are the types of meds used for MS
. These include beta-interferons which are commonly used to decrease inflammation and steroids to reduce symptoms during a relapse. If the relapse symptoms do not respond to steroids, plasmapheresis can be used.
58
If the relapse symptoms do not respond to steroids what can u use instead
plasmapheresis can be used.
59

cases for neurophysiology (14 decks)

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