parkinsons Flashcards
what is the cause of parkinsons
degeneration/loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra (basal nuclei)
nerve cells in the substantia nigra are responsible for producing what
dopamine
loss of dopamine leads to HYPO OR HYPER activity of the direct pathway
hypo
loss of dopamine leads to HYPO OR HYPER activity of the indirect pathway
hyper
what does the fact that the loss of dopamine leads to HYPO activity of the direct pathway and hyper activity of the indirect lead to
excessive globes pallidus (main inhibitor of movement) output causing over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex
excessive globes pallidus (main inhibitor of movement) output causes what
over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex
if you have over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex, do you have hypo or hyper kinesia
hypo
true or false: it is unclear what causes the loss of nerve cells in the SN
true
what is the main inhibitor of movement in the BN
globus pallidus
what are the 4 categories of “risk factors” for parkinson
genetics
exposure to toxins
age
sex
true or false: there is no genetic component to parkinsons
false
many gene mutation have been identified to cause parkinsons
explain the genetic risk factor for parkinsons
many gene mutation have been identified to cause parkinsons
explain the exposure to toxins risk factor for parkinsons
pesticides in agriculture
what age is parkinsons more common
60 plus (there is a natural loss of dopamine as one ages)
true or false: there is a natural loss of dopamine as one ages
true
are men or women more likely to get parkinsons
men (1.5-2x more likely)
is there any risk for parkinsons assocaited to diff cultures or races
no
what is the most common neurodegenerative disease
alzeihmers
true or false: parkinsons is the most common neurodegenerative disease
false, alzeihmer is and then PD
what are the TRAP symptoms for parkinson
t=tremor at rest
r=rigitdity
a=akinesia/bradykinease
p=posutral instabilities
how is diagnosis of parkinsons attained
physical ex
what are the motor symptoms of PD
TRAP and balance
what are the non motor symptoms of PD
depression/anxiety, apathy
psychosis/hallucination
sleep disorders and fatigue
cognitive difficulties and dementia
loss of smell, dysphagia, autonomic disturbances
what are the general functional implications of PD
ADLs
falls
changes to leisure or social activtiew
work productivity decrease
cognitive implication
explain the effect of parkinsons on ADLs
slow, and more tiring
explain the effect of parkinsons on falls
slow down, postural inability, refusal for walking aids
explain the effect of parkinsons on leisure
stop or change leisure activities
=social isolation
explain the effect of parkinsons on work
productivity can decreases
(tremors that increase with stress, hypophonia)
what are the 3 main types of meds for parkinson
LEVODOPA
dopamine agonists
MAOB inhibitors
LEVODOPA is converted to what in the brain
dopamine
true or false: you can you levodopa at the same dosage forever
false, overtime they are less responsive therefore dosages are increased)wh
what is a side effect of levodopa
dyskinesia
how do dopamine agonists work in treatment parkinson
mimic the way dopamine works in your brain which stimulates dopaminergic neurons
true or false: LEVODOPA meds mimic the way dopamine works in your brain which stimulates dopaminergic neurons
false, dopamine agonists
what do MAOB inhibitors do for parkinsons
inhibits the reuptake of dopamine
what can you do when medication treatment is no longer effective for parkinsons
deep brain stem (DBS) or Duo Dopa pump
what can deep brain stem (DBS) or Duo Dopa pump do for parkinsons
control movement
=including tremors, speed of movement and involuntary movements
explain the disciplinary team needed for parkinsons
nutrition, social works (community and family),
SLP for disphagia and communication
OT/PT symptom management, exercise, fall prevention, sleep hygiene, assistive services,
