parkinsons

Question 1

what is the cause of parkinsons

Answer 1

degeneration/loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra (basal nuclei)

Question 2

nerve cells in the substantia nigra are responsible for producing what

Answer 2

dopamine

Question 3

loss of dopamine leads to HYPO OR HYPER activity of the direct pathway

Answer 3

hypo

Question 4

loss of dopamine leads to HYPO OR HYPER activity of the indirect pathway

Answer 4

hyper

Question 5

what does the fact that the loss of dopamine leads to HYPO activity of the direct pathway and hyper activity of the indirect lead to

Answer 5

excessive globes pallidus (main inhibitor of movement) output causing over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex

Question 6

excessive globes pallidus (main inhibitor of movement) output causes what

Answer 6

over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex

Question 7

if you have over inhibition of the thalamus and motor cortex, do you have hypo or hyper kinesia

Answer 7

hypo

Question 8

true or false: it is unclear what causes the loss of nerve cells in the SN

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what is the main inhibitor of movement in the BN

Answer 9

globus pallidus

Question 10

what are the 4 categories of “risk factors” for parkinson

Answer 10

genetics
exposure to toxins
age
sex

Question 11

true or false: there is no genetic component to parkinsons

Answer 11

false
many gene mutation have been identified to cause parkinsons

Question 12

explain the genetic risk factor for parkinsons

Answer 12

many gene mutation have been identified to cause parkinsons

Question 13

explain the exposure to toxins risk factor for parkinsons

Answer 13

pesticides in agriculture

Question 14

what age is parkinsons more common

Answer 14

60 plus (there is a natural loss of dopamine as one ages)

Question 15

true or false: there is a natural loss of dopamine as one ages

Answer 15

true

Question 16

are men or women more likely to get parkinsons

Answer 16

men (1.5-2x more likely)

Question 17

is there any risk for parkinsons assocaited to diff cultures or races

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what is the most common neurodegenerative disease

Answer 18

alzeihmers

Question 19

true or false: parkinsons is the most common neurodegenerative disease

Answer 19

false, alzeihmer is and then PD

Question 20

what are the TRAP symptoms for parkinson

Answer 20

t=tremor at rest
r=rigitdity
a=akinesia/bradykinease
p=posutral instabilities

Question 21

how is diagnosis of parkinsons attained

Answer 21

physical ex

Question 22

what are the motor symptoms of PD

Answer 22

TRAP and balance

Question 23

what are the non motor symptoms of PD

Answer 23

depression/anxiety, apathy
psychosis/hallucination

sleep disorders and fatigue

cognitive difficulties and dementia

loss of smell, dysphagia, autonomic disturbances

Question 24

what are the general functional implications of PD

Answer 24

ADLs
falls
changes to leisure or social activtiew
work productivity decrease
cognitive implication

Question 25

explain the effect of parkinsons on ADLs

Answer 25

slow, and more tiring

Question 26

explain the effect of parkinsons on falls

Answer 26

slow down, postural inability, refusal for walking aids

Question 27

explain the effect of parkinsons on leisure

Answer 27

stop or change leisure activities =social isolation

Question 28

explain the effect of parkinsons on work

Answer 28

productivity can decreases (tremors that increase with stress, hypophonia)

Question 29

what are the 3 main types of meds for parkinson

Answer 29

LEVODOPA dopamine agonists MAOB inhibitors

Question 30

LEVODOPA is converted to what in the brain

Answer 30

dopamine

Question 31

true or false: you can you levodopa at the same dosage forever

Answer 31

false, overtime they are less responsive therefore dosages are increased)wh

Question 32

what is a side effect of levodopa

Answer 32

dyskinesia

Question 33

how do dopamine agonists work in treatment parkinson

Answer 33

mimic the way dopamine works in your brain which stimulates dopaminergic neurons

Question 34

true or false: LEVODOPA meds mimic the way dopamine works in your brain which stimulates dopaminergic neurons

Answer 34

false, dopamine agonists

Question 35

what do MAOB inhibitors do for parkinsons

Answer 35

inhibits the reuptake of dopamine

Question 36

what can you do when medication treatment is no longer effective for parkinsons

Answer 36

deep brain stem (DBS) or Duo Dopa pump

Question 37

what can deep brain stem (DBS) or Duo Dopa pump do for parkinsons

Answer 37

control movement =including tremors, speed of movement and involuntary movements

Question 38

explain the disciplinary team needed for parkinsons

Answer 38

nutrition, social works (community and family), SLP for disphagia and communication OT/PT symptom management, exercise, fall prevention, sleep hygiene, assistive services,