alzeignmners Flashcards
briefly explain what alzieghmers is
brain condition
=neuronal cell death(typically ach cells) shrkingae of grey matter
leading to ventricle enlargement
what regions of the brain are more affected by alziegmers
neo cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
basal forebrain cholinergic system
T or F: alz is characterized by stinking of white matter
false grey
alzeigmers is the death of what type of neurons
ach containing neurons
the death of ach contain neurones in alzeigmenrs leads to accumulation of waste products know as
beta amyloid
in old reserch: what was the link between beta amyloid and alzeigmers
AD pts had excitative deposition of beta amyloid
what is an excessive deposition of beta amyloid
accumulation of plaque made by beta amyglodal or neurofibril tangles in white matter
in old hypothesis, what was hypothesized to be killing the ach containing neurons
deposition of beta amyloid
true or false: new research still says that beta amyloid accumulation causes neural cell lost
no data may be wrong
what are the 2 main theories for the cause of alzeigmers
1) genes that produce apolipoprotein E (gets broken down and produces beta amyloid)
2) loss of cholinergic neurons
what are the main risk factors for alzeigmrns
1) high BP (vascular cognitive impairment risk)
=vascular risk factors occur in the presence of high amyloid in the brain
2) lead and aluminum exposure
3) age of incidence : 65-75/85
4) trisomi 21
5) genes: apolipoprotien E and chromo 21)
6_ more women (live longer)
7) life factors such as alcohol, head trauma, poor sleep cardiac
are men or women more affected by alziegmerns
women (live longer)
what are the genes that are a risk factor for alziegmers
chromosome 21
apoliportein E-4
what is the age incdince
65-75/85
does exposure to any substances put you at risk of alzeigmners
yes, lead and aluminim
what are some lifestyle factors that can increase risk of alzeigmerns
head trauma
cardiac
poor sleep
alcohol abuse
explain the vascular risk associated with alzeigmners
high BP (leads to vascular cognitive impairments such as vascular dementia)
=risk factors occur in present of high amyloid in the brain
vascular dementia/vascular risk factors occur in the presence of high levels of blank in the brain
amyloid
true or false: people with trisomies 21 have lower risk of alziegmenrs
false high
what are the general symptoms assocaited with alzeigmenrs
memory loss (more ST than LT)
disorientation, aphasia, anomia acalculia (forgetting words, names, calculate numbers)
longer time for AFLS
mood and personality changes (depression/anxiety.aggression)
abnormal gait
EARLY STAGES: WANDERING
what are the associated conditions with alzeigmners
falls, pneumonia, pressure sores infeciton
why is ST memory more at risk for loss in alzeigmers thats LT
SH memory dissapears firs since of generation of hippocampus (can no longer consolidate to LT)
what does aphasia, anomia and acalculia mean
forgetting words, names, numbers calculation)
true or false: in the early stages, people with AD tend to do a lot of walking and wandering
true
what are the main functional impairments (early stages)
ADLs
stop participating in leisure activitirs
challenges with relationships due to memory loss
wadering and getting lost
why may people with AD have challenges to their relationships
due to their memory loss
what are some of the functional impairments in the later stages
depedemtn for ADLs
non verbal needs
changes in sleep (sundowning)
weight loss/decreased nutrition/dyphasia
incontinence
true or false: people with AD often have to be transferred to a closed ward
yes to prevent wanderinga nd behaviour outruns
what is sundowning
reverse of sleep patter and increased symptoms at night)
what is the medication treatment for alzeihmers
cholinesterase inhibitors
what is the function of giving cholinesterase inhibitors to someone with AD
keep remaining Ach cells alive (blocking of the enzymes that break down Ach)
how can OT/PT help with AD
SIMPLE REPETIIVE ACTIONS (listen more, speak less)
education
adaptation of adals
matining current functioning and help
