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cases for neurophysiology > alzeignmners > Flashcards

alzeignmners Flashcards

1
Q

briefly explain what alzieghmers is

A

brain condition
=neuronal cell death(typically ach cells) shrkingae of grey matter
leading to ventricle enlargement

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2
Q

what regions of the brain are more affected by alziegmers

A

neo cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
basal forebrain cholinergic system

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3
Q

T or F: alz is characterized by stinking of white matter

A

false grey

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4
Q

alzeigmers is the death of what type of neurons

A

ach containing neurons

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5
Q

the death of ach contain neurones in alzeigmenrs leads to accumulation of waste products know as

A

beta amyloid

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6
Q

in old reserch: what was the link between beta amyloid and alzeigmers

A

AD pts had excitative deposition of beta amyloid

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7
Q

what is an excessive deposition of beta amyloid

A

accumulation of plaque made by beta amyglodal or neurofibril tangles in white matter

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8
Q

in old hypothesis, what was hypothesized to be killing the ach containing neurons

A

deposition of beta amyloid

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9
Q

true or false: new research still says that beta amyloid accumulation causes neural cell lost

A

no data may be wrong

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10
Q

what are the 2 main theories for the cause of alzeigmers

A

1) genes that produce apolipoprotein E (gets broken down and produces beta amyloid)

2) loss of cholinergic neurons

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11
Q

what are the main risk factors for alzeigmrns

A

1) high BP (vascular cognitive impairment risk)
=vascular risk factors occur in the presence of high amyloid in the brain

2) lead and aluminum exposure

3) age of incidence : 65-75/85

4) trisomi 21

5) genes: apolipoprotien E and chromo 21)

6_ more women (live longer)

7) life factors such as alcohol, head trauma, poor sleep cardiac

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12
Q

are men or women more affected by alziegmerns

A

women (live longer)

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13
Q

what are the genes that are a risk factor for alziegmers

A

chromosome 21
apoliportein E-4

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14
Q

what is the age incdince

A

65-75/85

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15
Q

does exposure to any substances put you at risk of alzeigmners

A

yes, lead and aluminim

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16
Q

what are some lifestyle factors that can increase risk of alzeigmerns

A

head trauma
cardiac
poor sleep
alcohol abuse

17
Q

explain the vascular risk associated with alzeigmners

A

high BP (leads to vascular cognitive impairments such as vascular dementia)

=risk factors occur in present of high amyloid in the brain

18
Q

vascular dementia/vascular risk factors occur in the presence of high levels of blank in the brain

A

amyloid

19
Q

true or false: people with trisomies 21 have lower risk of alziegmenrs

A

false high

20
Q

what are the general symptoms assocaited with alzeigmenrs

A

memory loss (more ST than LT)
disorientation, aphasia, anomia acalculia (forgetting words, names, calculate numbers)

longer time for AFLS
mood and personality changes (depression/anxiety.aggression)

abnormal gait

EARLY STAGES: WANDERING

21
Q

what are the associated conditions with alzeigmners

A

falls, pneumonia, pressure sores infeciton

22
Q

why is ST memory more at risk for loss in alzeigmers thats LT

A

SH memory dissapears firs since of generation of hippocampus (can no longer consolidate to LT)

23
Q

what does aphasia, anomia and acalculia mean

A

forgetting words, names, numbers calculation)

24
Q

true or false: in the early stages, people with AD tend to do a lot of walking and wandering

A

true

25
Q

what are the main functional impairments (early stages)

A

ADLs
stop participating in leisure activitirs
challenges with relationships due to memory loss
wadering and getting lost

26
Q

why may people with AD have challenges to their relationships

A

due to their memory loss

27
Q

what are some of the functional impairments in the later stages

A

depedemtn for ADLs
non verbal needs
changes in sleep (sundowning)
weight loss/decreased nutrition/dyphasia
incontinence

28
Q

true or false: people with AD often have to be transferred to a closed ward

A

yes to prevent wanderinga nd behaviour outruns

29
Q

what is sundowning

A

reverse of sleep patter and increased symptoms at night)

30
Q

what is the medication treatment for alzeihmers

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

31
Q

what is the function of giving cholinesterase inhibitors to someone with AD

A

keep remaining Ach cells alive (blocking of the enzymes that break down Ach)

32
Q

how can OT/PT help with AD

A

SIMPLE REPETIIVE ACTIONS (listen more, speak less)

education
adaptation of adals
matining current functioning and help

cases for neurophysiology (14 decks)

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