Stress

Question 1

Types of stressors

Answer 1

1. Catastrophes-unpredictable large-scale events that include natural disasters. One may develop anxiety depression and PTSD
2. Significant life changes-events such as moving leaving home losing a job marriage divorce death of a loved one and other such changes.
3. Daily hassles-every day irritations in life including bills traffic jams misplacing belongings and scheduling activities. May cause hypertension in immunosuppression

Question 2

Learned helplessness

Answer 2

A sense of exhaustion and lack of belief in one’s ability to manage situations

Question 3

Physiological response to stress outcomes

Answer 3

Fight or flight

A cognitive system initiated by the hypothalamus it releases corticotropin releasing hormone a messenger that stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH). ACTH signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol into the bloodstream cortisol is the glucocorticoid would shift the body from using sugar as an energy source towards using fat as an energy source. Keeps blood sugar levels high during stress situations important because only energy source the brain can uses glucose. Triggered during long-term stress. Prolonged cortisol released inhibits the activity of white blood cells and other functions of the immune system.

Question 4

Emotional response to stress outcomes

Answer 4

Anger can trigger cardiac events

Stress can trigger anxiety and depression

Question 5

Behavioral response to stress outcomes

Answer 5

Avoidance- can be accompanied by habits such as cigarette smoking consuming alcohol or eating as a means of temporary physical comfort

PTSD- avoidance, hyper arousal and re-experiencing

Question 6

Managing stress

Answer 6

Aerobic exercise-boost mood(norepinephrine serotonin and endorphins)

Biofeedback and relaxation-means of recording and feeling back information about subtotal autonomic responses in an attempt to train the individual to control those involuntary responses. For example people can be trained to adjust their muscle tension heartbeats and respiratory rates. (Yoga)

Social support-associated with lower blood pressure lower stress hormones and stronger immune system function

Religion and spirituality

Question 7

Appraisal

Answer 7

How it is interpreted by the individual