Attitude And Behavior

Question 1

Message characteristics-persuasion

Answer 1

The features of the message itself such as the logic in number of key points in the argument. Also may include more superficial things such as the length of the speech and it’s grammatical complexity

Question 2

Source characteristics-persuasion

Answer 2

Expertise knowledge trustworthiness are of importance. People are much more likely to persuaded by a major study described in the New England Journal of Medicine than in the pages of the local supermarket tabloid.

Question 3

Target characteristics-persuasion

Answer 3

Self-esteem intelligence mood and other personal characteristics have an important influence on whether message will be perceived as persuasive. Some studies suggest that those with higher intelligence or less easily persuaded by one-sided messages

Question 4

Two cognitive routes that persuasion follows

Answer 4

Central route, people are persuaded by the content of the argument.

Peripheral route, functions when people focus on superficial or secondary characteristics of the speech or the orator.

Question 5

Social cognitive theory

Answer 5

A serious behavior change that emphasizes the interactions between people and their environment.focuses on how we interpret and respond to external events in our past experiences memories and expectations influence our behavior. Social factors observational learning in environment factors can all influence a person’s attitude change.

Question 6

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 6

Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.

Question 7

Three ways the individuals and environments interact

Answer 7

1. People choose their environments which in turn shape them
2. Personality shapes how people interpret and respond to their environment.
3. A persons personality influences the situation to which she then reacts. How you treat someone else influences how they will treat you

Question 8

Behavioral genetics

Answer 8

Attempt to determine the role of inheritance and behavioral traits; the interaction between heredity and experience determines an individual’s personality and social behavior. Seeks to understand how the genotype in the environment affect the phenotype

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

The observable characteristics and traits.

Question 11

Twin studies

Answer 11

Compare traits in identical and fraternal twins. The classic twins study attempt to assess the variance of the phenotype and a large group in order to estimate genetic effects irritability in the environmental effects. By comparing hundreds of 20 pairs researchers can understand more about the rules of genetic effects shared environment and unique environment and shaping behavior

Question 12

Adoption studies

Answer 12

Creates two groups: genetic relatives in environmental relatives. Adopted individuals can be compared with both groups to determine if they are more similar to their genetic relatives or to their environmental relatives. Advantage over twin studies. Adopted children have personality is more similar to their biological parents in their adopted parents such as agreeableness extroversion introversion etc. However the doctor children are more similar to their adoptive families in terms of attitudes values manners faith and politics

Question 13

Transgenesis

Answer 13

Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene — called a transgene — into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property and transmit that property to its offspring

Question 14

Temperament

Answer 14

Emotional excitability. Does a difficult child grow up to be more difficult because they’re treated differently? Or do they grow up to be difficult because they were difficult babies?

Question 15

General intelligence

Answer 15

Exists as a foundational ability that underlies more specific socialized abilities. Specialized abilities may include problem-solving, creative intelligence, and emotional intelligence.

Question 16

Intellectual disability/Mental retardation

Answer 16

Individuals who have a score of intelligence below 70 and also have difficulty adapting to every day demands of life. Sometimes is due to a physical cause such as down syndrome or an acquired brain injury.

Question 17

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 17

Explains when people will be influenced by the content of the speech the logic of the argument, and when people will be influenced by other more superficial characteristics like appearance of the operator the length of the speech