Strengths And Weaknesses Of Leaders From 1090s Till 1118 Flashcards
What military brilliance did Baldwin I demonstrate?
Defeated Fatimids in major battles: 1st (1101) and 3rd (1105) Battles of Ramlah.
Which key coastal cities did Baldwin I capture?
Arsuf & Caesarea (1101), Acre (1104), Beirut (1110), Sidon (1110).
What significant expedition did Baldwin I lead?
Led expedition to Oultrejordain and built Montreal (1115) to control Red Sea trade.
What fortifications did Baldwin I build to secure territory?
Built Toron (1105) and Scandalion (1117) to consolidate territory and secure roads.
What political leadership role did Baldwin I take on?
Became king after Godfrey (1100)—established strong royal authority in Jerusalem.
What was the outcome of the 1109 Tripoli Council?
Forced Tancred to abandon claims—proved his dominance over other Franks.
How did Baldwin I use diplomacy to secure local support?
Used marriage to Arda (Armenian) to secure local support in Edessa.
What actions did Baldwin I take to repopulate Jerusalem?
Invited Syrian Christians to repopulate Jerusalem after 1099 massacre.
How did Baldwin I support other crusader states?
Assisted Tancred at Shaizar (1111) and sent aid to Edessa (1109–1110) when under siege by Mawdud.
What was Baldwin I’s strategy for securing Western aid?
Used Genoese and Venetian fleets effectively in sieges and gained support from King of Norway.
What military failures did Baldwin I experience?
Defeated at 2nd Battle of Ramlah (1102) and Battle of al-Sannabra (1113).
What sieges did Baldwin I fail at?
Failed at sieges: Acre (1103), Shaizar (1111), and Tyre (1112).
What political blunders did Baldwin I commit?
Forced wife Arda into a convent and married Adelaide of Sicily while Arda was alive.
What was the consequence of Baldwin I’s bigamous marriage?
Led to a fallout with Sicily; Roger II of Sicily refused aid to Jerusalem for decades.
What was the outcome of Baldwin I’s succession crisis?
Died in 1118 without a male heir—left Baldwin II to be elected.
What rivalries did Baldwin I have with other leaders?
Tensions with Tancred, especially over Antioch and Edessa; conflict with Patriarch Daimbert.
What strategic marriage did Baldwin II undertake?
Married Morphia, daughter of Armenian lord Gabriel of Melitene (1101)—secured Edessan loyalty.
What military skill did Baldwin II display?
Victory at Battle of Tell Danith (1115) with Roger of Salerno against Seljuks.
How did Baldwin II respond to the Field of Blood disaster?
Rallied crusader states at Battle of Hab (1119).
What notable military action did Baldwin II take in 1118?
Forced a Seljuk army to withdraw without even fighting.
What leadership role did Baldwin II have across Outremer?
Assisted Antioch (1119), Tripoli (1124), Edessa—acted as senior figure across crusader states.
What legal and political reforms did Baldwin II implement?
Held Council of Nablus (1120)—established law codes and reinforced Latin rule.
How did Baldwin II plan for succession?
Named Melisende heir and married her to Fulk of Anjou (1129), creating strong dynastic continuity.
What was Baldwin II’s strong regency system?
Even while captured in 1123, Eustace Grenier ruled successfully, defeating Fatimids at Yibneh.
What significant military achievement did Baldwin II oversee while imprisoned?
Oversaw capture of Tyre (1124) while imprisoned—shows strength of leadership he built.
What challenges did Baldwin II face in terms of capture?
Captured twice: Harran (1104) as Count of Edessa and in 1123 while trying to rescue Joscelin I.
What failed campaign did Baldwin II undertake?
Attempted to besiege Damascus in 1129 with Bohemond II—unsuccessful.
What tensions did Baldwin II have with allies?
Nearly went to war with Pons of Tripoli (1120–1122) over independence.
What groundwork did Baldwin II inherit?
Coastal conquests, castle system, and state foundations were already laid before his reign.
What territorial expansions did Tancred achieve?
Captured Tarsus, Adana, Mamistra (1101), and Latakia (1103) from Byzantines.
What military victory did Tancred achieve?
Defeated Turks at Battle of Artah (1105)—stopped Muslim advance on Antioch.
What strategic marriage did Tancred make?
Married Cecile of France (1106), linking Antioch to French royal blood.
What was Tancred’s role during Baldwin II’s imprisonment?
Took control of Edessa while Baldwin II was imprisoned—stabilised the region.
What conflict did Tancred have with Baldwin II?
Refused to return Edessa in 1108—led to a battle at Turbessel and alliance with Ridwan of Aleppo.
What setback did Tancred face at Harran?
Major setback for northern crusader states, even though he avoided capture.
What authority did Tancred refuse?
Expanded Antioch at the expense of Byzantium—created long-term tension.
What victories did Roger of Salerno achieve?
Defeated Seljuk invasion (1113) and beat Bursuq at Battle of Tell Danith (1115).
What support did Roger of Salerno attempt to provide?
Tried to support Baldwin I vs Mawdud at Al-Sannabra (although Baldwin didn’t wait for him).
What mistake did Roger of Salerno make in 1119?
Ignored Baldwin II’s advice to wait for reinforcements—led to Field of Blood disaster.
What was the consequence of Roger of Salerno’s actions?
Killed at Field of Blood (1119)—Antioch left without a ruler, destabilised northern Outremer.
What major gain did Bohemond I achieve?
Took Antioch (1098) during First Crusade—major gain.
What was Bohemond I’s goal in the north?
Tried to consolidate power in the north and expand influence.
What setback did Bohemond I face?
Captured by Danishmends (1100–1103)—his absence weakened Antioch.
What failed campaign did Bohemond I lead?
Led failed anti-Byzantine campaign (1107–08).
What humiliation did Bohemond I face?
Forced to sign Treaty of Devol (1108), becoming a Byzantine vassal.
What key captures did Raymond IV of Toulouse achieve?
Captured Tortosa (1102) and Jubail (1104).
What castle did Raymond IV build?
Built Mount Pilgrim Castle (1103)—helped complete siege of Tripoli.
What groundwork did Raymond IV lay?
Laid groundwork for County of Tripoli, which fell in 1109.
What setback did Raymond IV face in 1102?
Captured by Normans—violated oath upon release.
What failure did Raymond IV experience in 1099?
Failed to gain land in 1099 (refused kingship in Jerusalem).
What was the outcome of Raymond IV’s death?
Died before seeing Tripoli captured—Bertrand finished it.
What leadership role did Bertrand take on?
Took over Tripoli in 1109 after father Raymond’s death.
What stability did Bertrand provide?
Gained Arqah and ruled fairly stably until 1112.
What internal division did Bertrand face?
Bitter feud with William-Jordan over control of Tripoli.
What strategic marriage did Pons of Tripoli undertake?
Married Cecile of France (Tancred’s widow), keeping links to the crown.
What military action did Pons of Tripoli take in 1119?
Fought with Baldwin II at Battle of Hab (1119) after Field of Blood.
What assistance did Pons of Tripoli provide in 1124?
Assisted in the siege of Tyre (1124) with Venetians.
What conflict did Pons of Tripoli nearly engage in?
Nearly went to war with Baldwin II over Tripoli’s independence (1120–22).
What was notable about Pons of Tripoli’s military accomplishments?
No major military accomplishments of his own during 1097–1118.
What strategic marriage did Joscelin I of Courtenay undertake?
Married into Armenian nobility—solid local support.
What relations did Joscelin I build?
Built good relations with Armenians—they helped him escape captivity in 1124.
What position did Joscelin I hold later?
Later Count of Edessa (from 1118), loyal to Baldwin II.
What vulnerability did Joscelin I face in 1122?
Captured in 1122—left Edessa vulnerable.
What conflict did Joscelin I face?
Conflict with Roger of Salerno’s relatives caused tension.
