Reasons for Participation in the Fourth Crusade (1177–1204) Flashcards
What was the state of Jerusalem during the time of Pope Innocent III’s campaign?
Jerusalem was under Muslim control, which outraged Western Christians.
Who was Fulk of Neuilly?
Fulk of Neuilly was a charismatic preacher recruited by Pope Innocent III, known for his austere message.
What themes did Fulk of Neuilly preach?
Fulk preached simplicity, poverty, and rejection of luxury and sin, aiming to inspire knights and commoners alike.
What was the significance of participating in the Crusade?
Participation was seen as an act of penance, believed to atone for sins and ensure eternal salvation.
What did the Church promise to Crusade participants?
The Church promised a plenary indulgence, meaning complete forgiveness of all previously confessed sins.
What personal connections did many Crusade participants have?
Many participants had strong personal or family connections to Outremer (Crusader states in the Holy Land).
Which nobles had family ties to former rulers of Jerusalem?
Nobles such as Theobald of Champagne, Baldwin of Flanders, and Louis of Blois had family ties to former rulers of Jerusalem.
How did the death of Richard I affect the Crusade?
The death of Richard I in 1199 allowed many barons from Northern France to join, as they disliked his successor, King John.
What was a counterargument regarding the success of preaching for the Crusade?
Unlike earlier Crusades, there is little evidence that preaching campaigns massively increased recruitment.
What accusations did Fulk of Neuilly face?
Fulk faced accusations of embezzling donations, which undermined his authority.
What led to the attack on Zara by the Crusaders?
The Crusaders lacked funds to pay Venice for transport, leading to a deal where they attacked Zara, a Christian city, on Venice’s behalf.
How did the attack on Zara affect the Crusade?
This diversion weakened the original religious purpose of the Crusade.
What promise did Prince Alexius IV of Byzantium make to the Crusaders?
He promised money and military aid if the Crusaders restored him to power.
What happened after Prince Alexius IV was installed?
He failed to deliver the promised funds, leading to his overthrow by Alexios V.
What was the Crusaders’ response after the overthrow of Alexius IV?
They attacked Constantinople, looting the city instead of continuing to the Holy Land.
What was a contributing factor to the Crusaders’ attack on Constantinople?
Internal Byzantine instability, as Emperor Alexios III fled with the treasury before the Crusaders arrived.
How did the internal instability of the Byzantine Empire affect the Crusaders?
It made the empire an easy target for the Crusaders and Venetians.
