External Assisstance 1090s Till 1119 Flashcards
What was the role of Pisa in 1099?
Helped secure Jaffa, ensuring Jerusalem had a functioning port shortly after its capture.
What assistance did Pisa provide in 1100?
Assisted the Principality of Antioch in an attempted attack on Latakia (though unsuccessful).
What did Genoa achieve in 1101?
Supported Baldwin I in capturing Arsuf and Caesarea, two key coastal cities for the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
What was Genoa’s contribution in 1102?
Aided the County of Tripoli in the capture of Tortosa—helped push the frontier north.
What did Genoa accomplish in 1103?
Took Jebail (Tripoli) and helped with another attack on Latakia (Antioch).
What significant event did Genoa support in 1104?
Provided naval support for the successful capture of Acre—a massive gain for trade and security.
What was the role of Genoese and Provencals in 1109?
Assisted Raymond of Toulouse’s forces during the siege and fall of Tripoli—secured a fourth crusader state.
What assistance did Venice provide in 1110?
Helped Baldwin I and King Sigurd of Norway take Sidon, another major port city.
What happened during the 1101 Crusade?
Much of it was destroyed, but surviving remnants reinforced Raymond at Tortosa and fought at the Second Battle of Ramlah and Jaffa later that year.
What was the Norwegian Crusade (1107–1110) led by King Sigurd of Norway?
Contributed to the capture of Sidon with Baldwin I and the Venetians, adding symbolic power as the first European king to personally crusade.
What was the significance of the Hospitallers in 1113?
Recognised as a religious order by Pope Paschal II, initially focused on caring for sick pilgrims in the Hospital of St John (Jerusalem).
What was the status of the Templars during this period?
Not yet active—they were founded just after this period in 1119, post-Field of Blood.
What did Urban II do in 1095?
Preached the First Crusade and granted indulgences—laid foundation for Western military involvement.
What support did Pope Paschal II provide?
Supported the Hospitallers and maintained interest in the Crusades, inspiring new waves of pilgrims and warriors.
What was the outcome of the Crusade of 1101?
Strategically a disaster—major defeats at Mersivan and Eregli cost thousands of men.
What were the limitations of external help before 1119?
Support focused mainly on Jerusalem and coastal areas, leaving northern states like Edessa and Antioch with less external help.
