How Significant Were the Problems Faced by Outremer in the Years 1185 to 1204? Flashcards
Significant Problems: What significant problem arose from the deaths of Baldwin IV and Baldwin V?
The Kingdom of Jerusalem became leaderless and divided.
Significant Problems: What political tensions were caused by Guy and Sibylla’s coup in 1186?
Key nobles like Raymond III of Tripoli were alienated.
Significant Problems: What was the impact of the deaths of Conrad of Montferrat and Henry of Champagne?
Leadership in the Kingdom of Jerusalem remained unstable.
Significant Problems: What was the outcome of the Battle of Hattin on July 4, 1187?
The crusader army was nearly destroyed, and Saladin captured most of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Significant Problems: What losses did the military orders suffer during the Battle of Hattin?
The Templars and Hospitallers suffered devastating losses.
Significant Problems: What internal divisions occurred after Guy’s release from captivity?
Guy and Conrad of Montferrat both claimed the throne, creating deep divisions.
Significant Problems: How did Bohemond III of Antioch and the Templars contribute to the weakening of Crusader states?
They became involved in conflicts with Leo I of Armenian Cilicia.
Significant Problems: What happened to the principality of Antioch between 1193 and 1204?
It collapsed into civil war between rival factions.
Significant Problems: What challenges did the Kingdom of Jerusalem face in gaining Western support?
Appeals for reinforcements in 1181 and 1184 received little response.
Significant Problems: What was the consequence of Emperor Frederick I’s death in 1190?
His massive crusade collapsed before reaching Outremer.
Significant Problems: What was the outcome of the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)?
It never reached the Holy Land and instead sacked Constantinople.
Significant Problems: How did Saladin consolidate Muslim control?
He captured Aleppo in 1183 and united Egypt and Syria.
Significant Problems: What role did Al-Adil play after 1193?
He continued to strengthen Ayyubid power, reducing Frankish recovery chances.
Significant Problems: What was the territorial status of Outremer by 1204?
It was reduced to a narrow coastal strip from Tyre to Jaffa.
Less Significant Problems: What was the significance of Saladin’s conquests not being absolute?
He failed to capture Tyre, Tripoli, and Antioch in 1187, allowing Franks a foothold.
Less Significant Problems: What was the result of the Third Crusade (1189-1192) for Saladin?
He was forced to negotiate, leading to the Treaty of Jaffa (1192).
Less Significant Problems: What achievements did Richard I and Philip II of France accomplish during the Third Crusade?
They restored much of the coastline, recapturing Acre (1191) and Jaffa (1192).
Less Significant Problems: Why was the coastal region important for the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
It was economically and strategically vital, ensuring continued trade and military access.
Less Significant Problems: What new Crusader state was established in 1191?
Cyprus was established as a new Crusader state.
Less Significant Problems: How did Saladin’s death in 1193 affect the Muslim position?
His empire was divided among his sons, leading to internal struggles.
Less Significant Problems: What was Al-Adil’s focus after Saladin’s death?
He had to consolidate power, preventing immediate aggression against Outremer.
Less Significant Problems: What impact did the German Crusade of 1197 have on Outremer?
It recaptured Sidon and Beirut, reconnecting Tripoli to remaining crusader territories.
Less Significant Problems: How did Western forces contribute to the survival of Outremer?
They helped prevent its complete collapse, ensuring survival into the 13th century.
Less Significant Problems: What truce did Amalric II of Jerusalem sign with Al-Adil?
A five-year truce in 1198, renewed in 1204, preventing further immediate losses.
Less Significant Problems: What was the general preference between Franks and Muslims during this period?
Despite conflicts, they often preferred diplomacy over full-scale war.
