Byzantine-Latin Poor Relations By 1118 Flashcards
What event formalized tensions between Latin and Greek Churches?
The Great Schism in 1054.
What were the cultural differences between the Latin West and Byzantine East?
Latin West emphasized papal primacy, unleavened bread, and clerical celibacy, while the Byzantine East viewed Westerners as uncultured, violent, and religiously suspect.
What was the Norman threat in Byzantine territory?
Normans, led by Robert Guiscard, invaded Byzantine lands in the Balkans in 1081.
Why did Alexios I appeal to the Pope for military aid?
It was a pragmatic move due to weakness, not trust.
How did Latin mercenaries affect relations with Byzantines?
Western soldiers hired by Byzantines often acted independently, causing friction.
What was the conclusion about relations before the First Crusade?
Long-standing tensions laid the foundations of distrust before the First Crusade.
What did Alexios I demand from crusader leaders?
He demanded that they swear to return all captured lands to the Byzantine Empire.
What was the significance of the abandonment of Antioch in 1098?
Alexios turned back after false reports of failure, leading Latin leaders to see this as betrayal.
What did Bohemond do that violated his oath to Alexios?
He kept Antioch for himself.
What was the conclusion about relations during the First Crusade?
Betrayals and broken promises deepened tensions, with Latins seeing Byzantines as unreliable.
What action did Bohemond take against Byzantium after the First Crusade?
He launched a crusade against Byzantium from 1107 to 1108.
What was the outcome of Bohemond’s actions?
He was defeated and forced into the Treaty of Devol, surrendering Cilicia.
What did Tancred do regarding the Treaty of Devol?
He refused to honor the treaty, keeping Antioch independent.
What territories did Tancred seize by 1103?
He seized Tarsus, Mamistra, Adana, and Latakia.
How did crusaders treat Orthodox Christians?
They treated them as inferiors, replacing Greek patriarchs with Latin ones.
What happened during the Venetian Crusade?
The Venetian fleet attacked Corfu and plundered Byzantine islands.
What ecclesiastical hostility occurred after the First Crusade?
Latin clergy excluded Greek Christians from the Holy Sepulchre and replaced Greek bishops.
