Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immuno/micro final > stoekel- parasites > Flashcards

stoekel- parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what is a Consequence of prolonged, repeated, or high burden parasitic infection

A

Parasitic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

parasitic diseases are usually ______ or ______, and rarely fatal

A

subacute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two parasite types:

A

protozoa and helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Humans are __________ hosts for some parasites

A

dead-end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cryptosporidium, Mastigophora and Apicomplexa are all examples of ________

A

protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Roundworms, and flatworms are both _______

A

helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

development of helminths take place outside of humans (__________) in insect vectors or animal reservoirs (______________)

A

human- (definitive hosts)

Insect vectors or animal reservoirs- (intermediate hosts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: Disease from helminths is not a consequence of parasitic replication

A

True- its caused by Parasitic burden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

parasitic infections are most common in what parts of the world? what group of people are at the highest risk for acquiring parasitic diseases

A
  • undeveloped AND developed world

- immunocompromised individuals are at highest risk for parasitic disease (not to be confused with infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Toxoplasma gondii and hookworm _________ are prevalent

A

infections (NOT disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

protozoa are __________ eukaryotes

A

one-cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the cause of protozoa diseases?

A

consequence of parasite replication to high numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 2 categories of protozoa diseases?

A
  • intracellular

- Extracellular (GI tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Trichomonas are all species of which genus?

A

Mastigophora (these are all flagellated protozoa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Apicomplexa produce _________ following sexual reproduction

A

sporozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes Helminths (worms) to be extracellular?

A

due to large size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protozoa vs. Helminths: how does each cause disease

A

protozoa- replication

helminths- parasitic burden due to the # of wormies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 2 types of flatworms?

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

Trematodes (flukes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: all parasitic infections are harmful to the host

A

False- remember the noble & caring hookworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how can hookworms be beneficial to a human host?

A
  • they are a probiotic for asthma

- Represses astma when it represses to spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the possible downsides to a hookworm infection?

A

Chronic anemia- hookworms feed on blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tapeworms will infect what part of a human? how are they acquired?

A
  • infect intestines

- from eating raw or undercooked meat or fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the most severe tapeworm infections can lead to what?

A

deep tissue infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trichinella spiralis will eventually make its way into what part of the human host?

A

cross the mucosa to enter the lymphatics and blood

25
the symptoms for a Blood fluke infection will depend on _______. how are these little fuckers spread?
depends on geographic location -spread through snails
26
blood flukes moves in _____
pairs | allows for easy sexual reproduction in the human host
27
Filariasis species can be transmitted by what vectors?
- black flies | - mosquitos
28
what is the difference between a definitive host, reservoir, and a vector?
Definitive hosts- Where the organism reaches maturity Reservoir- Asymptomatic host where the organism reproduced Vectors- the organism used for spread
29
In intermediate hosts, parasites do not ________
reproduce | think of intermediates as like a layover between flights. just a place to wait till they get to their definitive host
30
why are vaccines for helminths difficult to produce?
* Continually altered antigens | * Coat themselves with self antigen
31
parasites that target __________ cells are of the greatest concern
red blood cells
32
which parasites will target human RBC's?
1) malaria (mosquitos) | 2) Babesia (ticks)
33
which parasite is known to cause miscarriages?
toxoplasma -comes from cat poop
34
toxoplasma can affect human _____, and is linked with what other disease?
- affect human behavior | - linked with schizophrenia
35
Leishmania are transmitted by ________
sand flies
36
what form of Leishmania is resistant to lysosomal destruction?
amastigote phase (no flagella)
37
Trypanosomes is also known as "_______ disease" and is transmitted by which critter?
Chagas’ disease -transmitted by "kissing" bug
38
African sleeping sickness is caused by what parasite?
Trypanosoma brucei
39
Trypanosoma brucei can cause _____ and __________ damage
brain and spinal cord
40
Giardia lamblia is an _______ parasite
intestinal
41
how is Trichomonas vaginalis spread?
by bumping uglies (sex)
42
Entamoeba histolytica will destroy_______ of the host
tissue (targets the colon)
43
______ is the most frequent pathogen infections (Southern US)
Ascaris
44
whatever. this is all I'm doing. hope this helps.
fuck. you. Stoeckel.
45
what type of mastigophora was responsible for the infection of over 400,000 residents of milwaukee?
Cryptosporidium | it made it into the drinking water system
46
Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) are Important in transmission of _________
infections
47
all Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) are ________
parasitic
48
Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gondii both belong to which protozoa family?
Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)
49
roundworms are also known as "_________"
nematodes
50
Flatworms bodies are thin and ________, while roundworms bodies are rounded and ________
flatworms- often segmented roundworms- unsegmented
51
Treatment & prevention of helminths:
1) Chemoprophylaxis – preventative drugs 2) immunization 3) Field control measures (like spraying for bugs)
52
_______ is the most important of all protozoan diseases
Malaria
53
what kind of damages is caused by malaria (Plasmodium)?
-Simultaneous lysis of many rbcs and release of large number of merozoites and other parasitic molecules every 48 -72 hours - leads to huge rush of cytokines - Fever, edema, anemia, shock
54
once Plasmodium enters your bloodstream, it will travel to the _________
liver- Multiply and mature
55
once the Plasmodium has matured in the liver, they are release to blood as _________
merozoites
56
what was the original drug is used to treat malaria?
Chloroquine- Target parasite’s food vacuole where hemoglobin is degraded
57
Intercellular protozoa characteristics:
- Unable to withstand environmental dessication (drying) | - Life cycles do not include free environmental stage
58
extracellular protozoa characteristics:
-Often transmitted by fecal-oral route -Life cycles alternate between two forms: A) active trophozoite B) Dormant cyst

Immuno/micro final (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions