Middleton- herpes & papilloma

Question 1

key characteristics of the Alphaherpesvirus

Answer 1

• Variable host range
• Short reproduction cycle
• Rapid spread in culture
• Efficient destruction of infected cells
• Capacity to establish latency in sensory ganglia

Question 2

Herpes simplex virus type 1 & 2: what is its virus family, genome, virion

Answer 2

• Alphaherpesvirus
• dsDNA
• enveloped

Question 3

how is HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) spread?

Answer 3

oral-oral

oral-genital

Question 4

T/F: HSV-1 infections are relatively rare among adults

Answer 4

False- almost 2/3rds are seropositive

Question 5

HSV-2: how is it spread? how many adults are infected?

Answer 5

spread primarily thru sex:
-genital-genital

1 in 5 adults are infected

Question 6

Alphaherpesvirus primarily infect __________ or ______

Answer 6

• epithelial cells in the skin

- mucosa

Question 7

what are the symptoms of the Alphaherpesvirus?

Answer 7

• flu-like
• localized lesions

(only 1/3 of people show symptoms)

Question 8

how long do the initial symptoms of HSV-1 and HSV-2 last?

Answer 8

8-12 days

Question 9

during the latency period, the alphaherpesvirus genome will do what?

Answer 9

circularizes and stays as an episome in the nucleus

Question 10

___________ are a common site of latent alphaherpesvirus infections

Answer 10

peripheral ganglia

Question 11

what can trigger the alphaherpesvirus to exit its latency stage?

Answer 11

• sunburn
• systemic infection
• immune impairment
• stress

Question 12

how is the alphaherpesvirus prevented/treated?

Answer 12

prevention: avoid contact during active herpes recurrence
treatment: can only limit virus replication, will not eliminate infection

Question 13

T/F: People unable to produce antibodies can still handle herpesvirus infections

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Betaherpesvirus key characteristics:

Answer 14

A) Restricted host range

B) Long reproductive cycle

C) Slow progression in cell culture

D) Enlargement of infected cells (cytomeglia)

E) Latent infection in a variety of tissues

Question 15

Gammaherpesvirus key characteristics:

Answer 15

A) Restricted host range

B) targets T & B lymphocytes

C) lytic infection

D) latency in lymphoid tissue

Question 16

the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of which family?

Answer 16

Gammaherpesvirus

Question 17

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of what viral family?

Answer 17

Betaherpesvirus

Question 18

The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with what diseases?

Answer 18

1) EBV associated carcinoma
2) Burkett’s lymphoma
3) hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 19

CMV (cytomegalovirus) will persist in _______ cells and in _____

Answer 19

hematopoietic progenitor cells

also in macrophages

Question 20

the CMV virus is controlled by a _______________

Answer 20

healthy, active immune system

Question 21

EBV (epstein-barr) will persist in ________ cells

Answer 21

persists in the genome of memory B cells

Question 22

____________ ensure B cell proliferation and the genome replication of the epstein-barr virus (EBV)

Answer 22

virus proteins

Question 23

T/F: beta and gamma herpes virus infections are usually self limiting in healthy individuals

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Antiviral therapy is recommended for which group infected with CMV or EBV?

Answer 24

immune compromised individuals

Question 25

T/F: there are no known vaccines for CMV or EBV

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Human Papillomavirus: family, genome and virion:

Answer 26

- Papillomaviridae - circular dsDNA - non-enveloped

Question 27

HPV can gain access to the host through _______

Answer 27

abrasions of the skin

Question 28

HPV establishes infection in the _____ layer of the skin

Answer 28

basal

Question 29

what is required for the genome replication of HPV?

Answer 29

cell polymerase

Question 30

in what type of cells is the Human Pappiloma virus produced?

Answer 30

differentiating cells

Question 31

HPV is ________, meaning the virus is released only with the death of a cell

Answer 31

non-lytic

Question 32

by what routes is HPV spread?

Answer 32

- direct skin-to-skin contact | - fomites

Question 33

Normal skin is a strong barrier to HPV, but the ___________ are more succeptable

Answer 33

mucous membranes

Question 34

T/F: the HPV virus is fragile and will not tolerate an environment outside the host

Answer 34

false- its hardy to environmental stresses

Question 35

what illnesses can HPV cause?

Answer 35

1) warts 2) respiratory papillomatosis 3) oncogenesis (cervical cancer)

Question 36

most treatments of HPV are ______, meaning they require the removal of host tissue

Answer 36

ablative

Question 37

Burkitt's lymphoma is a cancer of ______ cells, while Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of ________

Answer 37

Burkitt's lymphoma- B cells Hodgkin's- white blood cells (lymphocytes)

Question 38

what aspect of HPV's lifecycle would lead it to cause cervical cancer?

Answer 38

- HPV requires actively replicating cells to replicate - it produces enzymes (E6, E7, p53) that will keep the infected cells multiplying - uncontrolled mitosis leads to cancer

Question 39

what are the 3 methods that betaherpesviruses/gammaherpesviruses use to evade the host immune system?

Answer 39

1) intrinsic- block apoptosis 2) innate- prevent NK cells from working 3) adaptive- Decreased antigen presentation, block MHC