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Immuno/micro final > Stoeckel- Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Listeria > Flashcards

Stoeckel- Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Listeria Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus species are small, gram-_____ bacteria that colonize what part of humans?

A

gram-negative

colonize upper reps track of almost everyone

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2
Q

T/F: influenza is caused by H. influenzae

A

False: influenza is caused by a virus

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3
Q

what 2 things does H. influenzae require for growth?

A

Hemin (x factor)

NAD+ (V factor)

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4
Q

what makes H. influenzae different from other Haemophilus species?

A

it requires Hemin to grow
-requires lysed blood
(others just need NAD+)

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5
Q

H. influenzae type ____ is most virulent. it causes what diseases in children?

A 
Type b (Hib)
-causes bacteremia (bloodstream) and meningitis in children
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6
Q

___-_____ strains of H. influenzae are frequently causes of respiratory tract diseases in humans

A

Non-typeable

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7
Q

Haemophilus virulence factors: what is the PRP capsule? its role in virulence?

A

Polyribosyl Ribitol Phosphate

resists phagocytosis

basis for Hib vaccine

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8
Q

The endotoxin of Haemophilus causes what?

A

pathogen-directed endocytosis

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9
Q

Haemophilus can produce IgA1 protease, similar to what other microbe?

A

gonococci

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10
Q

The pili and outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus are similar to those in gonococci, which are used for what?

A

attachment to columnar epithelia

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11
Q

T/F: pure Hib PRP polysaccharide vaccines are not used in infants because they cause too strong of an immunological reaction.

A

False. Pure PRP polysacch is not immunogenic in infants

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12
Q

Many H. influenzae and non-typeabable species produce B-lactamase, meaning which antibiotics should/can’t be used?

A

Cannot use penicillin

use chloramphenicol or third-generation cephalosporins

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13
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: its basic characteristics (gram stain, environment, oxygen tolerance)

A

A) Gram-negative rods (bacilli)
B) found in soil/water
C) motile (flagella & pili)
D) aerobic

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14
Q

colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce water-soluble pigment that acts as what?

A

antibacterials

can be shades of blue, green and fluorescent yellow

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15
Q

P. aeruginosa, when cultured, often smells like ______

A

fruit/grapes

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16
Q

T/F: P aeruginosa will only grow rapidly when large amounts of nutrients are available

A

false: they are very robust and grow rapidly
- do not ferment
- only need acetate and ammonia

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17
Q

the virulence factors for P. aeruginosa are split between 2 categories: ______ and _______

A

Persistence and Dissemination

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18
Q

Persistence of P. aeruginosa: _______, also called iron binding compounds, compete with transferrin

A

siderophores

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19
Q

Phospholipase C is used by P. aeruginosa in what way?

A

It uses phospholipase C to hydrolyze phospholipids in the eukaryotic membrane, releasing usable phosphate

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20
Q

Swimmers ear (otitis externa) and hot tub rash (dermatitis) are both caused by what?

A

encountering Pseudomonas in water

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21
Q

Pseudomonas is a _____ pathogen

A

opportunistic pathogen

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22
Q

T/F: Pseudomonas can only enter a host through an abrasion/cut/damage to the epithelium

A

true

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23
Q

the ability for Pseudomonas to spread through its host depends on what?

A

A) avoiding phagocytosis

B) successful adherence to a surface

24
Q

adherence of Pseudomonas to epithelia is mediated by _____ and ____

A

flagella and pili

25
Q

the pili and flagella of Pseudomonas interact with which 2 parts of the host cells?

A

Interact with:

  • glycolipids
  • toll-like receptor (TLR5)
26
Q

The Polysaccharide capsule of Pseudomonas

A
  • mucoid type
  • major adhesin of biofilm in CF patients
  • its production is highly regulated
27
Q

Pseudomonas can produce numerous ______ ______

A

cytolytic exotoxins

28
Q

what components of the Pseudomonas’s LPS layer cause damage?

A

A) adhesins
B) Lipid A (an exotoxin)
C) core oligosaccharide
D) long o-antigen side chains

29
Q

Lipid A from Pseudomonas interacts with what host receptor?

A

TLR4

-initiates inflammatory response

30
Q

in Pseudomonas, the long _-_____ side chains are responsible for what?

A

O-antingen side chains

-resistance to human serum, antibiotics

31
Q

the ______ released by Pseudomonas cause local inflammation

A

Exotoxins

32
Q

Name the 2 proteases produced by Pseudomonas

A

A) elastase

B) LasA

33
Q

______ will cleave elastin, collagen, immune system components

A

elastase

34
Q

LasA is a _____ protease which works with elastase to degrade elastin

A

Serine protease

35
Q

The type 3 secretion system of Pseudomonas does what?

A

1) delivers virulence factors directly into host cell
2) similar to flagella
3) target specific host proteins

36
Q

what genetic disease is P. aeruginosa closely related to?

A

Cystic fibrosis

37
Q

what is CFTR? what does a loss of this lead to?

A

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

  • Loss of Cl- transport
38
Q

CFTR may cause decreased _______ of surface glycolipids. why is this important?

A

sialylation of surface glycolipids

allows P. aeruginosa to bind

39
Q

Sepsis due to Pseudomonas is mediated by ______

A

LPS (endotoxin)

40
Q

which endotoxin of Pseudomonas is responsible for sepsis?

A

Lipid A

-triggers TNF release

41
Q

what does “MODS” stand for? (think sepsis)

A

Multi-Organ Dysfunction syndrome

42
Q

symptoms of MODS

A
  • high cardiac output
  • low blood pressure
  • distributive shock
43
Q

what are the 3 requirements for sepsis?

A

1) Large population of infecting/colonizing organisms
2) Presence of bacterial products that stimulate release of host cytokines
3) Widespread dissemination of microbial products to host’s reticuloendothelial system

44
Q

the mortality rate for sepsis depends on what?

A

1) nature and severity of infection
2) host defense state
3) promptness and efficacy of treatment

45
Q

Pseudomonas endocarditis induced shock has up to a __% mortality rate

A

50%

46
Q

T/F: Pseudomonas is easily cultured and identified

A

true

47
Q

Pseudomonas infections often require ______ _______ to treat

A

antibiotic synergism

48
Q

Listeria monocytogens: gram stain, environment, motility

A 
A) gram-positive rod
B) found in intestinal tracts, sewage, soil and water
C) Food-borne pathogen
      -heat and cold resistant
D) flagella and actin polymerization
49
Q

Listeriosis infections of _____ are of special concern

A

a fetus

50
Q

Listeriosis can result in:

A

Bacteremia and meningitis

51
Q

Listeriosis is a concern in which population groups?

A

Immunocompromised, elderly, and pregnant people more susceptible

52
Q

Listeria uses ______, a virulence factors, which mediates adherence/invasion of cells

A

Internalins

53
Q

Listerolysin O enables what?

A

enables Listeria to escape vacuoles

54
Q

along with Listerolysin O, ______ also aid in escape from vacuoles

A

Phospholipases

55
Q

what molecules allow Listeria to cross the placenta?

A

Phospholipases

56
Q

what is the best way to prevent Listeria infections?

A

control growth in the food supply

57
Q

why are pregnant women told to avoid deli foods, raw meats, and soft cheeses?

A

they can harbor Listeria which can cause stillbirths

Immuno/micro final (16 decks)

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