Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immuno/micro final > Middleton- Retrovirus, AIDS, and tumor viruses > Flashcards

Middleton- Retrovirus, AIDS, and tumor viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what groups were in the “4H” club risk for contracting AIDS? when was this theory popular

A

Homosexual men, heroine addicts, Haitians, and hemophiliacs

1970s-1980s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HIV appears to have evolved (genetic evidence) from _____ virus in Africa

A

simian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Retroviruses have a unique ________ cycle

A

replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Spumaviruses do not causehuman disease

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spurmaviruses form “____” structures inside the cell

A

foamy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Retroviridae: two subfamilies. name them

A

Orthoretroviridae

Spumaviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the Genome of retroviruses is ___ssRNA

A

(+)ssRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the virion of the retrovirus is

A

enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the _______ ______ are now used to classify retroviruses as simple or complex

A

Genome contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ retroviruses only encode the Gag, Pro, Pol, and Env genes

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of Reverse transcription in Retrovirus replication

A

it turnes ssRNA genome into dsDNA (allows it to incorporate into the host DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is meant by “Integration” of a retrovirus?

A

Virus dsDNA inserts into host DNA making provirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the transcription of a retrovirus occurs from a _____

A

provirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Maturation of retroviruses involves ______ activity

A

protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the “Defining feature of retroviruses”

A

reverse transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is reverse transcription initiated?

A

once nucleocapsid is in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Low _____ levels prevent reverse transcription

A

NTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

retrovirus infections cannot progress if __________ does not occur

A

reverse transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reverse transcription is promiscuous between what?

A

Genome copies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when does the retrovirus ssRNA integrate into the host genome?

A

during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the retrovirus dsDNA will Attack target DNA, creating a nick. What joins this DNA back together?

A

the host cell

22
Q

T/F: cells infected with a retrovirus can be returned to their previous state with proper antivirals.

A

False- the integration of virus DNA is permanent

23
Q

Integration may disrupt host genes causing disease such as what?

A

cancer

24
Q

what are the Integration identified oncogenes

A

1) Transcription factors
2) Secreted growth factors
3) Growth factor receptors
4) Cell signal transduction pathways

25
Q

T/F: Many defective retroviruses are made during replication

A

true

26
Q

Defective viruses are missing at least one of:

A

gag, pol, or env

27
Q

defective viruses can carry host genes, which are ________ when they carry oncogenes

A

tumorigenic

28
Q

T/F: Many retrovirus infections are benign

A

true

29
Q

name the 3 types of disease-causing retroviruses

A

1) Slow retroviruses
2) Cytopathic retroviruses
3) Acute transforming viruses

30
Q

leukemia viruses are examples of ____ retroviruses

A

slow

31
Q

which type of retrovirus can damage the tissue directly

A

Cytopathic retroviruses

32
Q

Acute transforming viruses carry what?

A

Carry host genes

33
Q

HTLV stands for what?

A

Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus

34
Q

HTLV is what type of virus?

A

Deltaretrovirus

a species of orthoretrovirinae

35
Q

T/F: HTLV-1 is a fairly rare viral disease

A

false- millions of people worldwide are infected

36
Q

HTLV-1 is transmitted person-to-person, meaning that what activities promote its exchange?

A

Sharing needles for drug users
Blood transfusions
Sexual transmission
breast feeding

37
Q

what disease is caused by HTLV-1? what does it infect?

A

Adult T-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia (ATLL)

infects memory T-cells

38
Q

Cells infected with HTLV-1 become transformed, generating _____

A

tumors

39
Q

______ is Associated Myelopathy / Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). these diseases are caused by what?

A

HTLV-1

HAM/TSP caused by transfusion of infected blood

40
Q

HAM/TSP Symptoms and latency period

A

latency period- 1-3 years after infection

symptoms:

  • loss of bladder control
  • leg weakness or stiffness in hips/knees
  • erectile dysfunction (mainly in men…..)
41
Q

what are the prevention techniques for HTLV-1?

A

Eliminate breastfeeding for HTLV-1 positive mothers

Increased screening for blood products

42
Q

HIV is what type of virus?

A

Lentivirus

43
Q

what populations are at greater risk for contracting HIV?

A

Homosexuals, injection drug users, hemophiliacs, transfusion recipients

44
Q

where is HIV most prevalent?

A

sub-saharan africa

45
Q

Latent period for AIDS –

A

6 mths to 25 yrs

46
Q

HIV targets what type of cells?

A

T-cells (CD4+)

47
Q

once the Chronic infection is established, what occurs?

A

Ongoing virus replication & T-cell depletion

48
Q

once infected with HIV, the risk of _______ infections increases

A

opportunistic

49
Q

T/F: antivirals are the only current treatment for HIV infection

A

true

50
Q

the HIV virus has a _____ (+)ssRNA genome

A

Diploid

51
Q

T/F: the HIV virus only causes AIDS

A

false- it is a significant cause of certain types of cancer

52
Q

Acute transforming viruses induce what?

A

rapid tumor formation

Immuno/micro final (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions