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Immuno/micro final > Middleton- Respiratory viruses > Flashcards

Middleton- Respiratory viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza virus type __ is the most common, and is associated with the greatest concern

A

Type A

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2
Q

Influenza virus: virus type, genome, virion

A
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • (-)ssRNA
  • enveloped
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3
Q

Influenza will produce what protein for cell attachment?

A

HA protein

hemagglutinin

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4
Q

influenza can be Identified by surface antigens ___ and ___

A

HA and NA

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5
Q

what is the major determinant between avian and human strains of influenza?

A

HA proteins

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6
Q

type __ influenza has an animal reservoir

A

type A

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7
Q

what causes membrane fusion to the influenza virus?

A

Conformation change triggered after cell attachment by pH change in endosome

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8
Q

the transcription and replication of the influenza virus takes place where?

A

in the nucleus

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9
Q

the _______ of influenza escapes nucleus and buds from cell surface

A

Protected genome (RNP core)

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10
Q

what protein is critical for the budding of the influenza virus from the host cell?

A

NA protein

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11
Q

after infection with influenza, a person is contagious for how long?

A
  • from the day before symptom onset until 5 days later

- children are infectious longer

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12
Q

how is influenza transmitted?

A

aerosol (large & small droplets)

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13
Q

what type of flu can influenza cause?

A

Seasonal (interpandemic) flu

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14
Q

what complication can arise from influenza infections?

A
  • Viral pneumonia
  • Bacterial pneumonia
  • Otitis media
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15
Q

what type of vaccine is given for influenza?

A

Attenuated live vaccine

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16
Q

what causes the need for new influenza vaccines every year?

A

antigenic shift

-virus mutation

17
Q

how many major flu pandemic have their been?

A

4

  • 1918 spanish flu
  • 1957 asian flu
  • 1968 hong kong flu
  • 2009 H1N1
18
Q

Influenza pandemics are thought to arise from ____ strains

A

avian

19
Q

Adenoviruses are characterized by their _____

A

serotypes

20
Q

Adenovirus: virus type, genome, virion

A
  • Adenoviridae
  • dsDNA
  • non-enveloped
21
Q

the Adenovirus enters the host through what receptor?

A

CAR receptor

coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)

22
Q

__ triggers the capsid disassembly of Adenoviruses, which then move where?

A

pH triggers disassembly

moves to nucleus

23
Q

Adenovirus gene expression occurs in _____ phases

A

three

24
Q

what happens during the late gene expression phase of the Adenovirus?

A

virus take over of cellular mRNA synthesis

25
Q

Genomic replication of Adenovirus occurs when?

A

during the S phase

26
Q

Adenovirus: what gene produces proteins important to host immune evasion

A

E3 gene

27
Q

the Adenovirus can block _____ induced apoptosis

A

TNF (cytokine)

28
Q

______ infections very common with the Adenovirus

A

respiratory

29
Q

what is the more serious disease caused by the Adenovirus? what are its symptoms?

A
  • Acute respiratory disease (ARD)

- causes severe pneumonia

30
Q

what group is at a high risk for ARD?

ARD= acute respiratory disease

A

military recruits (but a vaccine is available)

31
Q

Rhinoviruses are a frequent cause of what?

A

mild upper respiratory infections

32
Q

Rhinoviruses have a large _______ diversity

A

antigenic

33
Q

T/F: humans are the only known reservoir for the rhinovirus

A

true

34
Q

Rhinovirus attaches to ______, or the ______ receptor

A

ICAM-1

VLDL (receptor)

35
Q

the incubation time for rhinovirus is _____, and virus shedding can be detected for up to ______ afterwards

A

incubation- 1-4 days

virus shedding- up to 3 weeks after

36
Q

Symptoms of rhinovirus disease

A
  • Red nose (hyperemic)
  • Nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent (neutrophils)
  • Epithelial damage likely due to the immune response
37
Q

why is no vaccine/antiviral available for the rhinovirus?

A

no vaccine- too many serotypes

no antivirals- resistant mutants

Immuno/micro final (16 decks)

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