Neurological viruses

Question 1

Selected togaviruses and flaviviruses are transmitted through what?

Answer 1

A vector

Question 2

viruses are often transmitted through which animal vectors?

Answer 2

mosquitos and ticks

Question 3

Transmission of a virus requires ______ in the vector

Answer 3

replication

Question 4

what are common reservoirs of human viruses?

Answer 4

Birds

Small Mammals

Question 5

Geographic location of a virus is determined by what?

Answer 5

determined by vector and reservoir habitat

Question 6

EEE is the abbreviation for what virus?

Answer 6

Eastern equine encephalitis

Question 7

EEE & VEE Viruses are both from which virus family?

Answer 7

Togaviridae

Question 8

EEE and VEE viruses are both ____ssRNA

Answer 8

(+)ssRNA

Question 9

T/F: EEE and VEE are enveloped viruses

Answer 9

true

Question 10

the EEE/VEE Virus is introduced to a human by what?

Answer 10

the bite of an infected arthropod

Question 11

once introduced to its host, the EEE/VEE virus will do what?

Answer 11

Infect cells locally and/or carried by Langerhans cells to Lymph nodes

Question 12

T/F: EEE/VEE can cross the blood-brain barrier and infect the CNS, even though we don’t know how this happens

Answer 12

true

Question 13

after incubating for 4-10 days, the EEE/VEE virus can become a systemic disease. What symptoms does this produce? how long will these last?

Answer 13

• Chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

- Lasting 1 to 2 weeks full recovery

Question 14

what are the symptoms of EEE/VEE induced Encephalitic disease?

Answer 14

Fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and coma

Question 15

name the 2 diseases caused by EEE/VEE

Answer 15

1) systemic disease

2) Encephalitic disease

Question 16

1/3 of encephalitic cases die from the disease ___ to ___ days after onset

Answer 16

2 to 10

Question 17

T/F: there is a vaccine available for EEE/VEE, but no know treatment is available once infected

Answer 17

true

Question 18

controlling ______ populations is one method for controlling the spread of EEE/VEE virus

Answer 18

mosquitos

Question 19

West Nile Virus has an incubation time of:

Answer 19

2 to 14 days

Question 20

T/F: the onset of symptoms for west Nile Virus in most people is rapid and apparent

Answer 20

False. 80% of those infected are asymptomatic

Question 21

Illness is apparent in what % of West Nile virus infections?

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

which disease caused by west nile causes:

Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors

Answer 22

Neuroinvasive disease

Question 23

50% of Neuroinvasive disease survivors have ______ a year later

Answer 23

sequelae (a chronic condition/complication)

Question 24

T/F: the vaccine for the West Nile Virus is the best know preventative tool available

Answer 24

False- there is no vaccine or treatment for WNV

Question 25

The rabies virus is what type of virus?

Answer 25

Rhabdoviridae

Question 26

the rabies virus genome is __ssRNA

Answer 26

(-)ssRNA

Question 27

the rabies, west nile, and EEE/VEE viruses all have _____ virions

Answer 27

enveloped

Question 28

the rabies virus Replication occurs in the _______ only

Answer 28

cytoplasm

Question 29

In the Rabies virus, Binding of N (nucleoprotein) to ___ triggers genome replication

Answer 29

RNA

Question 30

the rabies virus is transmitted by what?

Answer 30

the bite from an infected animal

Question 31

common reservoirs for the rabies virus are:

Answer 31

bats, skunks, raccoons

dogs only in developing countries

Question 32

What is the incubation period for rabies?

Answer 32

1-3 months

Question 33

the rabies virus Replicates locally until it finds _____

Answer 33

neurons

Question 34

the rabies virus Moves passively in _____ of peripheral nerves to the spine/brain

Answer 34

axoplasm

Question 35

the rabies virus eventually travels to highly innervated _________ and replicates

Answer 35

salivary glands

Question 36

T/F: once symptoms of the rabies disease begin to show, the patient will most likely die

Answer 36

true

Question 37

symptoms of the rabies virus disease:

Answer 37

1) itching at site of infection
2) Hydrophobia- can’t swallow
3) Cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium

Question 38

what causes “foaming at the mouth”

Answer 38

the hydrophobia from the rabies virus disease- cannot swallow saliva

Question 39

Post-exposure prophylaxis for a rabies infection involves what?

Answer 39

4 doses administered immediately after a bite that breaks the skin

Question 40

T/F: the vaccine for the rabies virus is only effective in humans

Answer 40

False- dogs and domestic animals also should be vaccinated