Middleton- hepatic viruses Flashcards
what are hepatic viruses?
what causes their associated damage?
viruses that specifically target the liver
Liver damage from virus and host response
where do hepatic viruses replicate/infect?
hepatocytes
____ and _____ forms of hepatitis are very rare in the US
HDV & HEV
Hepatitis B- virus type, genome, virion:
- Hepadnaviridae
- dsDNA
- enveloped
the hepatitis B virus genome has ___ intermediate
RNA
In hepatitis B, what is the template for transcription?
cccDNA
Hepatitis B Requires _________ transcription factors
liver specific
how is hepatitis B spread?
- Sex
- Drugs
(and rock & roll)
Incubation period for hepatitis B:
30-180 days
1-6 months
symptoms of Hepatitis B infection:
- anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough
- Jaundice, elevated ALT levels
patients will generally recover ____ months after onset of jaundice
3-4 months
the chronic form of hepatitis B is present in __% of cases
5%
what are the symptoms for the chronic form of hepatitis B
- Sporadic episodes of hepatitis
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
T/F: there is a vaccine available for Hepatitis B, but it is not effective against a chronic infection
true
the Hepatitis D virus is a _____ agent, and requires what other infection?
- subviral agent
- requires active HBV (hep b) infection
HCV (hepatitis C virus): virus type, genome, virion
- Flaviviridae
- (+)ssRNA
- enveloped
after entry, the HCV genome is passed into the _______
passed into cytoplasm
HCV= hepatitis C virus
HCV infections typically have _____ signs & symptoms compared to HBV
milder
what is much more common in HCV than HBV?
chronic infection
-approx 80% of infections
which hepatitis virus causes extrahepatic disease?
- from HCV
- Mixed cryoglobulinemia
- antibody & virus complexes deposit on other tissues
- leads to immune response & tissue damage
T/F: HBV and HCV both have vaccines available
False
HBV has vaccine
HCV does not
how do people become infected with HAV?
ingestion of fecally contaminated food/water
how does HAV enter the liver?
- absorbed through intestines
- moves through PORTAL SYSTEM to reach liver
what is the incubation time for HAV?
15-40 days
symptoms of HAV are consistent with other hepatic infections, and resolve ________ after infection
8 weeks
T/F: both HBV and HAV have vaccines available
true
the Hepatitis E virus causes ______ and ______ hepatitis
Foodborne & waterborne
the disease caused by HEV is very similar to _____
HAV
a HEV infection can be life-threatening to who?
pregnant women
T/F: there are no available vaccines for HEV or HCV
true
which hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infections?
HBV (5%)
HCV (80%)
HDV
hepatitis B, C and D are all transmitted by what routes?
- vertical (hep A and E dont)
- sexual
- Parenteral (all forms of hepatitis can transfer this way)
which types of hepatitis can be transferred through the fecal-oral route?
HAV and HEV
hep A and E
hepatitis ____ and ____ are both non-enveloped
HAV and HEV
neither have an envelope, both can spread through feces
