Stimulants

Question 1

what is Ma Huang?

Answer 1

chinese herb from the ‘horsetail’ plant

Question 2

when was the earliest documentation of ma huang?

Answer 2

3000 BC

Question 3

what is the active ingredient in ma huang?

Answer 3

ephedrine

Question 4

what effect does ephedrine have on the lungs?

Answer 4

its a broncodialator, so used for nasal decongestion and asthma

Question 5

what drug is produced illegally from legal obtaining of ephedrine?

Answer 5

methamphetamine

Question 6

what products were ephedrine found in before it was banned?

Answer 6

weight loss, helps burn fat bc it regulates body temp

Question 7

what is khat?

Answer 7

from the catha edulis plant in africa

Question 8

what form was the early use of khat?

Answer 8

Abyssinian tea

Question 9

what is the active ingredient in khat?

Answer 9

cathinone

Question 10

what are the effects of chewing khat leaves?

Answer 10

feeling content, not tired, anorexia, mental stim

Question 11

when was khat made illegal?

Answer 11

1997

Question 12

what is methcathinone?

Answer 12

a modified version of the active ingred. in khat (cathinon)

Question 13

why was methcathinone synthesized?

Answer 13

soviet russia wanted to use it to treat depression or abuse

Question 14

what is the street name for methcathinone?

Answer 14

cat

Question 15

what is the main effect from methcathinone?

Answer 15

euphoria

Question 16

what is the consumption pattern of methcathinone users?

Answer 16

binge for several days without eating or sleeping, then crashing for several days following and repeat

Question 17

what drug is methcathinone similar to abuse-wise?

Answer 17

methamphetamine

Question 18

does use of methcathinone damage neurons?

Answer 18

yes, it damages dopaminergic neurons

Question 19

what is the most recently famous synthetic cathinone?

Answer 19

bath salts

Question 20

what are the most popular synthetic cathinones?

Answer 20

mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)

Question 21

what is the main term used to describe effects of synthetic cathinones?

Answer 21

‘excited delirium’

Question 22

where does the coca plant originate from?

Answer 22

central america and south america

Question 23

which indigenous culture chewed coca plants regularly?

Answer 23

the inca

Question 24

when spanish conquerors arrived, what did they think of coca chewing?

Answer 24

that it was bad bc it created bonds for the indigenous people and thought it was a pagan ritual

Question 25

why did the spanish eventually allow the chewing of coca?

Answer 25

native people could work longer and needed less food when chewing coca

Question 26

who isolated cocaine from the coca plant?

Answer 26

Niemann, 1859

Question 27

why did coca not take well in europe until cocaine was isolated?

Answer 27

only way to get coca was chewing w wasnt popular, once cocaine was isolated it could be added to drinks like they preferred (suited the culture there)

Question 28

what was freud's opinion of cocaine?

Answer 28

initially thought it was great and showed everyone, but later on disapproved bc he saw how it ruined lives

Question 29

what is vin mariani?

Answer 29

a cocaine infused french wine

Question 30

who created vin marian in 1863?

Answer 30

angelo mariani, a corsican businessman

Question 31

who created an imitation of vin mariani in 1885 and what was it called?

Answer 31

Pemberton, French wine cola

Question 32

what product followed the creation of french wine cola?

Answer 32

Coca cola (soda water + kola nut instead of wine)

Question 33

are coca leaves still used in the production of coca cola?

Answer 33

yes! but they are decocainized since 1906

Question 34

are coca leaves still used in the production of coca cola?

Answer 34

yes! but they are decocainized since 1906

Question 35

when did the anti-drug sentiment begin

Answer 35

1900s

Question 36

what was the ethnic association with drugs?

Answer 36

if an ethnic minority used a drug, the drug is dangerous and should be banned

Question 37

what government legislation was introduced on medicine in 1906?

Answer 37

pure drug and food act, required list of ingredients on medicine (big pharma was sad)

Question 38

when was cocaine included in drug legistlation?

Answer 38

1911, it missed the first legistlation that was in 1908

Question 39

what was the time article about the white goddess about?

Answer 39

a cuban official being part of the cocaine dealings in the 1950s

Question 40

what was the peak time range that cocaine was #1 stimulant drug?

Answer 40

1970s to 1980s

Question 41

why was there such a peak in cocaine production and distribution in the 70s/80s?

Answer 41

better organized drug growers and traffickers, lax south american govt

Question 42

what was the 5 years that cocaine abuse admission was at its peak?

Answer 42

1975 to 1980

Question 43

why was cocaine so sought after?

Answer 43

seen as the 'cadillac' of drugs aka famous ppl use it

Question 44

when did crack emerge?

Answer 44

1980s, lots of media attention

Question 45

why is crack named crack?

Answer 45

because of the popping noise that the lil rocks make when smoked

Question 46

why is crack different than cocaine?

Answer 46

cocaine doesnt do well with heat so you cant smoke it, it has to be injected or snorted. crack has higher temperature resistance so can be smoked

Question 47

why is crack more sought after than cocaine?

Answer 47

because you can smoke it, you get a stronger and faster high (but also shorter lived) and you dont have to do injections

Question 48

how many pounds of coca leaves is needed to make 1 pound of cocaine?

Answer 48

400 lbs of leaves

Question 49

how is coca paste made?

Answer 49

extract cocaine from coca leaves and kerosene is added to float it to the top where its skimmed off

Question 50

what is the % purity of coca paste?

Answer 50

60% pure cocaine

Question 51

how is coca paste turned into 99% pure white powder?

Answer 51

treated by acids and oxidizing stuff to make cocaine hydrochloride (99% cocaine)

Question 52

what is the name of the 99% pure white powder cocaine?

Answer 52

cocaine hydrochloride

Question 53

how is crack derived from cocaine hydrochloride?

Answer 53

treat it w alkaline solution that separates the salt from the cocaine, therefore making it lil smokable rocks

Question 54

what is the biggest difference between crack and cocaine hydrochloride?

Answer 54

the method of administration (effects are relatively the same)

Question 55

why was amphetamine synthesized in 1887?

Answer 55

sought it to be a replacement for the natural stim. ephedrine

Question 56

when was methamphetamine synthesized?

Answer 56

1919

Question 57

when were amphetamines incorporated into society and medicine?

Answer 57

not until 1930s

Question 58

what was benzedrine marketed as?

Answer 58

it was a nasal inhaler treatment for asthma and nasal congestion, contained amphetamine to act similar to ephedrine

Question 59

what public transit system sold benzedrine inhalers without prescription?

Answer 59

airlines

Question 60

when was amphetamine available in tablet form?

Answer 60

1937

Question 61

what was tablet form amphetamine's trade name

Answer 61

Dexedrine

Question 62

what was dexedrine treatment for?

Answer 62

narcolepsy, weight loss, ADD

Question 63

how were benzedrine inhalers abused?

Answer 63

the cloth containing benzedrine was removed and chewed, brewed, or bagged like a solvent

Question 64

why did amphetamine appear a good time for drug users?

Answer 64

prohibition was just ending and cocaine was not as popular since the 20s

Question 65

what was the college nickname for amphetamine tablets?

Answer 65

pep pills, pepper uppers - to be taken for studying or during exams

Question 66

who in ww2 took methamphetamine?

Answer 66

hitler

Question 67

which country experienced a big boom in amphetamine following ww2?

Answer 67

japan had a surplus so sold it = high lvl of use

Question 68

what year did they initiate requiring a medical prescription for amphetamine meds?

Answer 68

1965

Question 69

when was amphetamine listed as a bad drug?

Answer 69

1971

Question 70

what was the consumption method of amphetamine in EARLY use?

Answer 70

oral or inhalation

Question 71

what area of san fran. did injection of amphetamine start u in the 60s?

Answer 71

Haight Ashbury district

Question 72

what is speedball?

Answer 72

the combo of heroin and another stimulant (cocaine or amphetamine or methamphetamine)

Question 73

what does NIU stand for?

Answer 73

non injection forms of use

Question 74

what is more -vely perceived? injection or non injection use?

Answer 74

injection is more -ve

Question 75

what contributed to the -ve perception of amphetamine?

Answer 75

distrib. of drug assoc with motorcycle gangs, and medical knowledge that chronic amphetamine use = psychosis and aggression

Question 76

what does speed freak mean?

Answer 76

indv that were psychotic and aggressive due to amphetamine use

Question 77

what is phenmetrazine?

Answer 77

an antiobesity drug that temporarily replaced amphetamines on its popularity decline

Question 78

what eventually replaced the distaste with amphetamines?

Answer 78

cocaine aka the white goddess

Question 79

what is the street name of phenmetrazine?

Answer 79

bam

Question 80

why is amphetamine/methamphetamine popular again since the 90s?

Answer 80

ease of supply- can be easily made from chemicals available here

Question 81

can cocaine be produced in canada?

Answer 81

nope must be smuggled into country

Question 82

what is a street name for methamphetamine?

Answer 82

crank or ice

Question 83

what does the gay community call methamphetamine?

Answer 83

tina - assoc. w unsafe sex and needle sharing