Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

zDrugs 2020 > Cannabis > Flashcards

Cannabis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the street name for cannabis?

A

marijuana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 types of cannabis plant?

A

sativa, indica, ruderalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are cannabinoids?

A

unique chemical agents found in the cannabis plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

t/f: cannabis is the oldest cultivated plant used for food

A

false; it is oldest plant NOT used for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when/where was cannabis first recorded use?

A

China, 2800 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when did cannabis spread to Europe?

A

early 1800’s (bc of british colonization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who was Harry Anslinger?

A

a campaigner against weed that brought attention to the drug in the 20’s in the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how were marijuana laws justified early on?

A

that ethnic minorities were main users, therefore negative association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what year was cannabis classified as a narcotic and introduced into legislation?

A

1929

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the active ingredient in weed?

A

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when was THC isolated & synthesized?

A

1964

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the proportion of THC content in a typical joint from the 70s and now?

A

today’s weed has double the THC content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is hashish?

A

the dried resin of the flowers/leaves of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the THC % in hash?

A

10% THC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the THC % in hash oil

A

40% THC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is hash oil made?

A

boil hashish in solvent (alcohol) to extract cannabinols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the most typical method of taking weed?

A

smoking a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are other options of smoking weed?

A

using a bong or hookah (pipe like devices that filter smoke with water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is sensitization of marijuana?

A

when users do not experience effects of THC the first few times bc theyre not effecient at extracting THC from smoke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how much of THC in a joint is available for absorption?

A

less than 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the scientific justification for sensitization of weed?

A

users become better at smoking the more they do it ie. get better and larger dose of the drug as they smoke more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the onset time of effects from smoking?

A

within seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the peak blood concentration time from smoking?

A

10 minutes after inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when do peak effects occur from smoking?

A

30-60 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how long do effects normally last from smoking?

A

2-4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the half life of THC?

A

around 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

are cannabinoids water or lipid soluble?

A

lipid soluble -cross blood-brain barrier easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how long can THC be drug tested in the body?

A

several days to several weeks afterwards (THC deposits in fat and re-enters circulation during long half life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

are cannabinoids absorbed well in the digestive system?

A

no, only 20% enters bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

whats the ratio between edibles and smoking effect vs dose?

A

need 3 doses of edibles to get same effect of 1 dose of smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when do peak effects of edibles occur?

A

1-3 hours after ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what effect does a low dose (1/4- 1/2 joint) produce?

A

mild euphoria, peacefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what effect does moderate (1 joint) dose produce?

A

perception and time distortions, drowsiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what effect does a high dose (2 joints) produce?

A

hallucinations, delusions, distortions of body image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are the physiological effects?

A

bloodshot eyes, droop in eyelids, dry mouth/thirst, hunger/overeating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

does cannabis have an effect on pupil dialation?

A

no, it is a result of smoking in dark lighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the effect of placebo and expectations of weed?

A

large effect of expectations on ratings of weed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

t/f: weed can be used as an aphrodisiac (increase libido)

A

true, induces brief rise of testosterone

  • but only at low doses.
  • at high doses, it depresses testosterone levels and creates orgasmic difficulty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the name of the sesame oil THC medical product?

A

dronabinol, trade name marinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the synthetic form of THC medical product?

A

nabilone, trade name cesamet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the THC oral spray used for MS?

A

Sativex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

t/f: THC is not antiemetic (reduces vomiting)

A

false, it is antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is more effective as anti-nausea/vomiting? medical products vs smoking product?

A

medical products like marinol and cesamet are better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

is natural or man made (dronabinol) weed more effective as a pain killer?

A

dronabinol has longer pain relief effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

t/f: THC has a strong effect on cognitive and motor function

A

true

46
Q

does weed have strong potential to impair driving ability?

A

yes

47
Q

when is the driving impairment highest after consuming weed?

A

the first hour after smoking

48
Q

what aspects of functioning does THC reduce?

A

memory, attention (divided and sustained), reaction time, motor function

49
Q

what is more effected, short term or long term memory?

A

short term /working memory

50
Q

what is working memory?

A

a temporary memory that relates to the current version of an activity or task (ex. trying to remember what cards others hold in a game of cards)

51
Q

what is reference memory?

A

long term memory that uses relevent information to apply to an activity or task (ex. remembering the rules of the card game)

52
Q

what is the 8 arm radial maze task?

A

8 arms radiating from central platform, with food placed in 4 of the arms (not visible)

53
Q

if a rat visits a baited arm that already had the food eaten, what kind of memory error would it be?

A

a working memory error- rat forgot when it had already been during the current test session

54
Q

if a rat visits an arm that has never been baited, what kind of memory error would it be?

A

reference memory error- rat forgot the general rules that there are baited/unbaited arms

55
Q

what is the effect THC has on learning?

A

animals given THC are SLOWER to learn tasks

56
Q

when animals are given THC, which memory error increases?

A

working memory errors

57
Q

where does THC reduce cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain?

A

the hippocampus (cannabinoid receptors located here)

58
Q

t/f: hippocampus neurons experience no damage following exposure to THC

A

false, evidence of damage has been found

59
Q

what aspects of cognition do heavy users of weed have difficulty on versus light users?

A

sustaining attention, organizing/using info, learn word lists, card sorting tasks, introduction of new card game rules, etc

60
Q

what kind of weed use has persistent effects on cognitive performance decline?

A

heavy, chronic use. even present after temporary abstinence

61
Q

what is a delayed matching to sample task examining? (DMTS)

A

examines working memory in humans

62
Q

how does a delayed matching to sample task work? (DMTS)

A

stimulus is shown, then later on person has to choose between a selection and match which was shown before.

63
Q

what results are seen from the DMTS tests?

A

either 1 or 2 doses of weed significantly impair performance on working memory recall

64
Q

what affected working memory in the DMTS test the most?

A

the length of delay between showing stimulus and needing to recall it during the matching section of the task

65
Q

t/f: animals do not self-administer THC

A

false, recent research established self-administration by monkeys and rats

66
Q

does THC produce conditioned place preference or aversion?

A

conditioned place aversion

67
Q

what conditioned effect do cannabinoid antagonists produce?

A

conditioned place preference

68
Q

what are electrophysiological indicators of euphorigenic effects?

A

the increased fire rate of cells in the VTA

69
Q

what effects are effected by tolerance?

A

all of them, including self-reported intoxication

70
Q

t/f: you cannot experience withdrawal symptoms from weed

A

false, theres new research that demonstrates withdrawal symptoms after chronic use

71
Q

is there a THC antagonist?

A

yes, just recently developed

72
Q

what kind of withdrawal symptoms does THC induce?

A

hot flashes, sweating, runny nose, stomach pain, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, craving for weed, etc

73
Q

when does withdrawal begin?

A

within a few hours after stopping the drug

74
Q

how long does withdrawal last?

A

7-10 days

75
Q

what is priming with THC?

A

when a stimulus is associated with receiving THC

-when they stop pressing the lever, display stimulus to trigger (prime) them to continue pressing

76
Q

how is relapse related to priming?

A

priming triggered relapse for THC

77
Q

t/f: cannabinoid antagonists block the subjective effects of THC and prevent relapse

A

true

78
Q

t/f: cannabinoid antagonists cannot block the reinforcing effects of other drugs

A

false, it can block the reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, and nicotine

79
Q

what is rimonabant?

A

a cannabinoid antagonist

80
Q

what was rimonabant originally marketed as?

A

an anti-obesity drug called Acomplia

81
Q

do animals also have an endogenous cannabinoid receptor system?

A

yes

82
Q

how is the endogenous cannabinoid receptor system activated?

A

by a naturally occurring cannabinoid ligand called Anandamide

83
Q

what are the two cannabinoid receptors?

A

CB1 and CB2

84
Q

where is CB1 found in the body?

A

the central nervous system

85
Q

are cannabinoid receptors pre or post synaptic?

A

presynaptic

86
Q

what are the cannabinoid receptors responsible for controlling?

A

releasing other neurotransmitters, reducing acetylcholine release (in hippocampus) and increasing dopamine by reducing GABA, etc

87
Q

what relevance does genetics have to reacting to canabis?

A

reactions are thought to be subjective to genetics

88
Q

t/f: THC can be fatal to humans

A

false, its acutely nonfatal

89
Q

does tobacco or marijuana smoke have higher number of harmful constituents?

A

marijuana smoke has more harmful stuffs

90
Q

what is the difference between harmfulness of tobacco and marijuana smoke?

A

weed has more cancer-causing stuff in it but THC protects against it

91
Q

what is the ratio of harm for 1 joint vs cigarettes for carbon monoxide?

A

1 joint= 5 cigarettes worth of carbon monoxide

92
Q

whats the ratio of harm for 1 joint vs cigarettes for tar?

A

1 joint=- 4 cigarettes worth of tar

93
Q

whats the ratio of harm for 1 joint vs cigarettes for damage to airway cells?

A

1 joint= 10 cigarettes worth of damage

94
Q

what factor increases the damage factor of smoking weed versus tobacco?

A

the topography of smoking weed- hold it longer, inhale more deeply, unfiltered, etc

95
Q

what is teratology?

A

the study of harmful effects on the fetus of substances ingested during pregancy

96
Q

what % of women give birth after using an illicit drug?

A

3%

97
Q

what % of illicit drugs reported by pregnant women was weed?

A

75%

98
Q

does THC produce severe teratological effects on a fetus?

A

not really significant, especially when compared to alcohol or solvents

99
Q

what is NIDA?

A

national institute of drug abuse

100
Q

what % of drug treatment admissions in the USA were for marijuana?

A

16%

101
Q

what % of drug treatment admissions in ontario were for marijuana?

A

13%

102
Q

what is the typical profile of a weed abuser?

A

male, white, young, single, less than 20 yrs old

103
Q

what % of recreational users become dependent?

A

9%

104
Q

is there a specific form of treatment for weed abuse?

A

no, they use generic treatment

105
Q

is treatment effective immediately afterwards or more long term?

A

effective immediately after treatment, but tapers off after that

106
Q

what is the most common synthetic cannabinoid called?

A

HU-210

107
Q

are synthetic cannabinoids less or more potent than natural?

A

more potent, can be lethal

108
Q

what was the original purpose of creating synthetic cannibinoids?

A

to treat MS, AIDS, and chemotherapy

109
Q

what are common street names for synthetic cannabinoids on the market?

A

K2, Spice, Black mamba, kush

110
Q

how many times is HU-210 stronger than natural THC?

A

800x stronger

zDrugs 2020 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions