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zDrugs 2020 > Phenethylamine Hallucinogens > Flashcards

Phenethylamine Hallucinogens Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: natural plant substances can resemble the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (aka noradrenaline)

A

true, it has hallucinogenic properties

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2
Q

modification of what drug results in compounds that resemble norepinephrine?

A

amphetamine, creates a combo of stimulant and hallucinogenic properties

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3
Q

what are amphetamine mods called?

A

methylated amphetamines -bc it adds methyl groups to it

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4
Q

what is the chemical name of mescaline?

A

3,4,5 trimethoxyphenethlamine

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5
Q

what is mescaline?

A

the typical naturally occuring norepinephrine type hallucinogen

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6
Q

what plant is mescaline the active alkaloid in?

A

the peyote cactus (mexico, south US, south america)

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7
Q

what does the peyote cactus look like?

A

small green pincushion with carrot shaped root

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8
Q

how is peyote prepared for consumption?

A

sliced into small round discs that retain hallucinogenic properties indefinitely

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9
Q

who isolated mescaline in ‘96?

A

Heffter

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10
Q

who synthesized mescaline in 1918?

A

Spath

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11
Q

t/f: mescaline easily passes thru the blood brain barrier

A

false, its easily absorbed into system but doesnt pass thru barrier well

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12
Q

what dosage of mescaline is req for euphoric effects vs hallucinogenic effects?

A

3mg vs 5mg

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13
Q

what is the duration length of mescaline?

A

4-16 hours, avg is 10 hours

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14
Q

what are effects of mescaline?

A

colourful kaleidescope visions, hallucinations of multiple senses. time perception, and weightlessness

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15
Q

t/f: you can get hungover from mescaline

A

true, and also nausea, vomiting, headaches

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16
Q

does tolerance occur to mescaline?

A

yes within a few days, and cross tolerance exists

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17
Q

does mescaline produce hallucinogenic effects like norepinephrine or serotonin?

A

serotonin!!! even tho it looks like norepinephrine, it acts as an agonist at 5 HT2 receptors

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18
Q

what type of drug is amphetamine?

A

phenethylamine type drug

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19
Q

modifications to what drug result in stimulant and hallucinogenic effects?

A

amphetamine

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20
Q

why do methlyated amphetamines create hallucinogenic properties?

A

they vary in degree of agonist activity on the 5 HT2 receptors

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21
Q

what is DOM also known as?

A

STP

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22
Q

what does STP stand for :’serenity, tranquility, and peace’ or ‘super terrific psychedelic’?

A

both

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23
Q

what is the chemical name of DOM?

A

2,5 dimethoxy-4 methylamphetamine

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24
Q

what was DOM originally synthesized for?

A

appetite suppressant

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25
Q

who synthesized DOM in 1964?

A

Dow Chemical

26
Q

what is the dosage of DOM?

A

3-5mg produces euphoria, 10mg + gives strong hallucinations

27
Q

whats the duration of DOM effects?

A

16-24 hours!

28
Q

t/f: DOM has a low freq. of bad trips

A

false, DOM is assoc. w bad trips bc its long duration, hard time convincing panicking users it will eventually wear off

29
Q

what is the chemical name of MDA?

A

3 methoxy 4,5 methylenedioxyamphetamine

30
Q

what was MDA originally synthesized for?

A

appetite suppresant, antidepressant, and parkinsons disease treatment

31
Q

what is MDA a metabolite of?

A

MDMA (ecstasy)

32
Q

what is the dosage of MDA?

A

80-160mg

33
Q

effect length of MDA?

A

8-12 hours

34
Q

why does MDA result in strong bonds bt the people who use it?

A

enhances emotions and empathy

35
Q

why was sassafras root not allowed in root beer production anymore?

A

carcinogenic properties

36
Q

what substance in the sassafras tree can be easily converted to MDA?

A

safrole/shikimo

37
Q

what is the chemical name of MDMA?

A

3,4 -methylenedioxymethamphetamine

38
Q

what is the street name of MDMA

A

ecstasy, XTC

39
Q

who synthesized MDMA in 1914?

A

Merck

40
Q

what was MDMA originally synthesized for?

A

appetite suppressant

41
Q

what average dose is an ecstasy tablet?

A

50-200mg

42
Q

effect length of MDMA?

A

1 hour onset and 4-6 hours duration

43
Q

what are the effects of ecstasy?

A

+ve mood changes (empathy, openness, serenity, caring), high energy, hallucinations occur at high doses

44
Q

why do some ppl advocate for MDMA to be used as a psychotheraputic tool?

A

strong +ve mood changes

45
Q

what are the undesirable effects of ecstasy?

A

jaw tension, teeth grinding, dry mouth, sweating

46
Q

why do people use pacifiers when taking ecstasy?

A

bad teeth grinding

47
Q

t/f: MDMA is more toxic than other hallucinogens

A

true, can cause death in some cases

48
Q

why is MDMA potentially dangerous?

A

causes malignant hyperthermia (high body temp) and dehydration

49
Q

what neurochemicals does MDMA cuase the release of?

A

serotonin and dopamine, very effective in serotonin release

50
Q

what kind of reuptake does MDA and MDMA block?

A

serotonin- prolonged serotonergic effects

51
Q

what about serotonergic activating drugs is bad?

A

frequent and excess activation of serotonin and dopamine = permanent damage to neurotransmitter systems

52
Q

is the major serotonin metabolite higher or lower in people who use MDMA?

A

lower, reduced serotonin binding and transporter amts

53
Q

what area of the brain is permanently damaged by MDMA?

A

learning and memory nerve endings

54
Q

what area of the brain has excess stim. by MDMA?

A

sleep and appetite, excess regeneration=excess serotonin release

55
Q

what are chronic problems from using ecstasy?

A

memory and decision making probs, impulse issues, panic attacks, paranoia

56
Q

where are Myristicin and elemincin found??

A

fruit tree, aka nutmeg and mace spices

57
Q

when was the earliest record of nutmeg intoxication?

A

1500’s

58
Q

how is nutmeg/mace taken as a drug?

A

a tea with a few teaspoons of spice

59
Q

what are the initial effects of nutmug?

A

nausea/vomiting, eventually a mild hallucinogenic effect

60
Q

what demographic consumes nutmeg the most?

A

youth experiementing w drugs

zDrugs 2020 (14 decks)

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