Phenethylamine Hallucinogens

Question 1

t/f: natural plant substances can resemble the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (aka noradrenaline)

Answer 1

true, it has hallucinogenic properties

Question 2

modification of what drug results in compounds that resemble norepinephrine?

Answer 2

amphetamine, creates a combo of stimulant and hallucinogenic properties

Question 3

what are amphetamine mods called?

Answer 3

methylated amphetamines -bc it adds methyl groups to it

Question 4

what is the chemical name of mescaline?

Answer 4

3,4,5 trimethoxyphenethlamine

Question 5

what is mescaline?

Answer 5

the typical naturally occuring norepinephrine type hallucinogen

Question 6

what plant is mescaline the active alkaloid in?

Answer 6

the peyote cactus (mexico, south US, south america)

Question 7

what does the peyote cactus look like?

Answer 7

small green pincushion with carrot shaped root

Question 8

how is peyote prepared for consumption?

Answer 8

sliced into small round discs that retain hallucinogenic properties indefinitely

Question 9

who isolated mescaline in ‘96?

Answer 9

Heffter

Question 10

who synthesized mescaline in 1918?

Answer 10

Spath

Question 11

t/f: mescaline easily passes thru the blood brain barrier

Answer 11

false, its easily absorbed into system but doesnt pass thru barrier well

Question 12

what dosage of mescaline is req for euphoric effects vs hallucinogenic effects?

Answer 12

3mg vs 5mg

Question 13

what is the duration length of mescaline?

Answer 13

4-16 hours, avg is 10 hours

Question 14

what are effects of mescaline?

Answer 14

colourful kaleidescope visions, hallucinations of multiple senses. time perception, and weightlessness

Question 15

t/f: you can get hungover from mescaline

Answer 15

true, and also nausea, vomiting, headaches

Question 16

does tolerance occur to mescaline?

Answer 16

yes within a few days, and cross tolerance exists

Question 17

does mescaline produce hallucinogenic effects like norepinephrine or serotonin?

Answer 17

serotonin!!! even tho it looks like norepinephrine, it acts as an agonist at 5 HT2 receptors

Question 18

what type of drug is amphetamine?

Answer 18

phenethylamine type drug

Question 19

modifications to what drug result in stimulant and hallucinogenic effects?

Answer 19

amphetamine

Question 20

why do methlyated amphetamines create hallucinogenic properties?

Answer 20

they vary in degree of agonist activity on the 5 HT2 receptors

Question 21

what is DOM also known as?

Answer 21

STP

Question 22

what does STP stand for :’serenity, tranquility, and peace’ or ‘super terrific psychedelic’?

Answer 22

both

Question 23

what is the chemical name of DOM?

Answer 23

2,5 dimethoxy-4 methylamphetamine

Question 24

what was DOM originally synthesized for?

Answer 24

appetite suppressant

Question 25

who synthesized DOM in 1964?

Answer 25

Dow Chemical

Question 26

what is the dosage of DOM?

Answer 26

3-5mg produces euphoria, 10mg + gives strong hallucinations

Question 27

whats the duration of DOM effects?

Answer 27

16-24 hours!

Question 28

t/f: DOM has a low freq. of bad trips

Answer 28

false, DOM is assoc. w bad trips bc its long duration, hard time convincing panicking users it will eventually wear off

Question 29

what is the chemical name of MDA?

Answer 29

3 methoxy 4,5 methylenedioxyamphetamine

Question 30

what was MDA originally synthesized for?

Answer 30

appetite suppresant, antidepressant, and parkinsons disease treatment

Question 31

what is MDA a metabolite of?

Answer 31

MDMA (ecstasy)

Question 32

what is the dosage of MDA?

Answer 32

80-160mg

Question 33

effect length of MDA?

Answer 33

8-12 hours

Question 34

why does MDA result in strong bonds bt the people who use it?

Answer 34

enhances emotions and empathy

Question 35

why was sassafras root not allowed in root beer production anymore?

Answer 35

carcinogenic properties

Question 36

what substance in the sassafras tree can be easily converted to MDA?

Answer 36

safrole/shikimo

Question 37

what is the chemical name of MDMA?

Answer 37

3,4 -methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Question 38

what is the street name of MDMA

Answer 38

ecstasy, XTC

Question 39

who synthesized MDMA in 1914?

Answer 39

Merck

Question 40

what was MDMA originally synthesized for?

Answer 40

appetite suppressant

Question 41

what average dose is an ecstasy tablet?

Answer 41

50-200mg

Question 42

effect length of MDMA?

Answer 42

1 hour onset and 4-6 hours duration

Question 43

what are the effects of ecstasy?

Answer 43

+ve mood changes (empathy, openness, serenity, caring), high energy, hallucinations occur at high doses

Question 44

why do some ppl advocate for MDMA to be used as a psychotheraputic tool?

Answer 44

strong +ve mood changes

Question 45

what are the undesirable effects of ecstasy?

Answer 45

jaw tension, teeth grinding, dry mouth, sweating

Question 46

why do people use pacifiers when taking ecstasy?

Answer 46

bad teeth grinding

Question 47

t/f: MDMA is more toxic than other hallucinogens

Answer 47

true, can cause death in some cases

Question 48

why is MDMA potentially dangerous?

Answer 48

causes malignant hyperthermia (high body temp) and dehydration

Question 49

what neurochemicals does MDMA cuase the release of?

Answer 49

serotonin and dopamine, very effective in serotonin release

Question 50

what kind of reuptake does MDA and MDMA block?

Answer 50

serotonin- prolonged serotonergic effects

Question 51

what about serotonergic activating drugs is bad?

Answer 51

frequent and excess activation of serotonin and dopamine = permanent damage to neurotransmitter systems

Question 52

is the major serotonin metabolite higher or lower in people who use MDMA?

Answer 52

lower, reduced serotonin binding and transporter amts

Question 53

what area of the brain is permanently damaged by MDMA?

Answer 53

learning and memory nerve endings

Question 54

what area of the brain has excess stim. by MDMA?

Answer 54

sleep and appetite, excess regeneration=excess serotonin release

Question 55

what are chronic problems from using ecstasy?

Answer 55

memory and decision making probs, impulse issues, panic attacks, paranoia

Question 56

where are Myristicin and elemincin found??

Answer 56

fruit tree, aka nutmeg and mace spices

Question 57

when was the earliest record of nutmeg intoxication?

Answer 57

1500's

Question 58

how is nutmeg/mace taken as a drug?

Answer 58

a tea with a few teaspoons of spice

Question 59

what are the initial effects of nutmug?

Answer 59

nausea/vomiting, eventually a mild hallucinogenic effect

Question 60

what demographic consumes nutmeg the most?

Answer 60

youth experiementing w drugs