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zDrugs 2020 > Hallucinogens/Designer Drugs > Flashcards

Hallucinogens/Designer Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

where does the word hallucinogen come from?

A

latin, alucinere ‘ to wander in the mind’

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2
Q

what is the DSM 5 definition of halliucination

A

sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality but occurs without the stimulation from relevant sensory organ

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3
Q

what are other terms for hallucinogens?

A

psychedelics, illusinogens, deliriants

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4
Q

how many categories of chemically different hallucinogens are there?

A

four

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5
Q

what are the categories of hallucinogens based upon?

A

neurotransmitter chars, and a final misc. group

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6
Q

what are the 4 categories of hallucinogens?

A

1) cholinergic
2) serotonergic /5-HT like
3) methylated amphetamines/noradrenergic
4) other hallucinogens (misc.)

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7
Q

what did humans first discover from natural sources of hallucinogens?

A

that they could be used to delirium effects or poison (possibly lethal)

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8
Q

what is a reason why plants would have hallucinogenic effects?

A

protection function - lethal if large quantities consumed

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9
Q

what is a cholinergic agonist hallucinogen?

A

produce greater neural activity in cholinergic NS, by stimulating muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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10
Q

what is the Amantia muscaria also known as?

A

fly agaric mushroom

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11
Q

which hallucinogen was used by vikings to induce ‘agitated raging’ for raiding ‘berserkers’?

A

fly agaric mushroom

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12
Q

what 2 substances are found in amantia muscaria?

A

ibotenic acid (metabolizes to muscazone) and muscimole

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13
Q

how did Siberian tribes ingest amantia muscaria?

A

ingesting urine of someone who had consumed mushrooms

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14
Q

what are the early symptoms of amantia?

A

euphoria, humour

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15
Q

what are the peak symptoms of amantia?

A

detachment from reality, feeling of power, illusions of grandeur

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16
Q

what are the negative symptoms of amantia?

A

diarrhea, sweating, abdominal pain, coma, convultions, potentially death

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17
Q

what is Ibogaine?

A

a plant from Gabon, central africa

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18
Q

low doses of ibogaine induces what effect for african hunters?

A

stimulant to increase endurance for long food searching treks

19
Q

what is the main psychoactive substance in ibogaine?

A

ibotenic acid

20
Q

what was ibogaine thought to help with?

A

meditation and unlocking repressed childhood memories

21
Q

how did heroin addicts perceive ibogaine?

A

as a healing mechanism to help quit heroin

22
Q

what does schedule 1 classification mean?

A

the drug has a high potential for abuse and has no medical value

23
Q

what is a cholinergic antagonist hallucinogen?

A

blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors to create hallucinogenic effects

24
Q

what is atropa belladonna?

A

deadly nightshade

25
Q

what is atropine

A

an alkaloid of atropa belladonna

26
Q

where did the name for atropa belladonna come from?

A

atropa- fate from greek myth, represents poison/death

belladonna- beautiful women with large pupils

27
Q

how does atropine work on the body?

A

it blocks cholinergic receptors, reduces neural activity there

28
Q

low dose of atropine causes what kind of symptoms?

A

dilated pupils, loss of balance, blurry vision, suffocating feeling, dry throat, etc

29
Q

high dose of atropine causes what kind of symptoms?

A

hallucinations, erotic dreams, sensation of flying, etc

30
Q

can atropine be dangerous at high doses?

A

yes

31
Q

what is datura stramonium also known as?

A

known as jimsonweed, jamestown weed, or thorn apple

32
Q

what cholinergic antagonists are found in datura stramonium?

A

all three: atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine

33
Q

which hallucinogen was used by witches to get a sense of flying?

A

datura -scopolamine and atropine have weightlessness effects

34
Q

which hallucinogen was used in the 70s to treat asthma

A

datura and atropa

35
Q

what are the low dose effects of datura?

A

drowsiness, dream-like state, euphoria, amnesia

36
Q

what are the high dose effects of datura?

A

bad hallucinations, delirium, mental confusion

37
Q

what hallucinogenic plant is used for decoration now?

A

jimsonweed, aka ‘Devil’s trumpet’

38
Q

what is henbane?

A

a strong smelling herb from the north

39
Q

what cholinergic antagonists are found in henbane?

A

scopolamine and hyoscyamine

40
Q

what is the mandragora officinarum commonly known as?

A

the mandrake

41
Q

what cholinergic antagonists are found in a mandrake?

A

atropine, scopolamine, and hyosyamine

42
Q

what is the myth behind the mandrake?

A

anywhere a hanged man’s semen fell it would grow

43
Q

what is the low dose effect of a mandrake?

A

depressernt, sedative hypnotic effect

44
Q

what is the high dose effect of a mandrake?

A

hallucinations, delirium, etc

zDrugs 2020 (14 decks)

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