Inhalants

Question 1

what does Ether mean?

Answer 1

‘heavenly’ in greek

Question 2

what is sweet vitriol?

Answer 2

distilled alcohol and sulphuric acid combined

Question 3

who created sweet vitriol/ether?

Answer 3

Lullius, in Spain 1275

Question 4

when did ether begin to be used recreationally?

Answer 4

1700s

Question 5

how is ether consumed?

Answer 5

inhaled or drunk

Question 6

t/f: ether is difficult to consume

Answer 6

true, it burns the mouth and induces vomiting

Question 7

what are hoffman’s drops?

Answer 7

3pt alcohol, 1pt ether -a popular ‘medical’ tonic

Question 8

who used hoffmans drops?

Answer 8

women in the 1800s bc they werent allowed to consume alcohol in public

Question 9

what was ether considered a substitute for in short supply times?

Answer 9

alcohol

Question 10

when was ether mostly abused?

Answer 10

1920’s during prohibition

Question 11

what does penny drunk mean?

Answer 11

ppl could get drunk off tablespoons of ether instead of alcohol for 1 penny each spoonful

Question 12

is ether abuse common in modern day?

Answer 12

no its very rare

Question 13

when was chloroform synthesized?

Answer 13

1931 by Guthrie

Question 14

what is more potent, ether or chloroform?

Answer 14

Chloroform is more potent

Question 15

what is Nitrous oxide more commonly known as?

Answer 15

laughing gas

Question 16

who discovered N2O in 1776?

Answer 16

Priestly

Question 17

what is the chemical name of Nitrous oxide?

Answer 17

N20

Question 18

what is the effect of laughing gas?

Answer 18

euphoria for several minutes, analgesia, dreaminess, feeling like flying

Question 19

what are whippets?

Answer 19

commercial cans of N2O used in restaurants for whipped cream

Question 20

when was laughing gas at peak use?

Answer 20

60s and 70s, declined in 80s

Question 21

what is the street name for laughing gas?

Answer 21

hippie or hippie crack

Question 22

what is the one danger of nitrous oxide?

Answer 22

hypoxia aka lack of oxygen

Question 23

what kind of permanent damage occurs if extended exposure to nitrous oxide?

Answer 23

permanent peripheral nerve damage

Question 24

t/f: rats show dependence to laughing gas

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what effect on the brain does nitrous oxide have?

Answer 25

increase GABA mediated inhibition

Question 26

what antagonist blocks the effects of nitrous oxide?

Answer 26

opiate, explains the analgesia effect of laughing gas

Question 27

what is glycine and how is it affected by inhalants??

Answer 27

glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, enhanced by inhalants

Question 28

what do inhalants do to glutamate?

Answer 28

reduce the effectiveness of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate

Question 29

what kind of household items are used as psychoactive substances?

Answer 29

glue, paint thinner, butane, acetone, felt markers, hairspray, frying pan spray, etc

Question 30

what is the substance that make household items prone to abuse?

Answer 30

Toluene

Question 31

t/f: gasoline is a solvent inhalant

Answer 31

true

Question 32

how are solvents administered?

Answer 32

huffing or bagging

Question 33

what is huffing?

Answer 33

soaking cloth in the solvent and inhaling

Question 34

what is bagging

Answer 34

spraying solvent into a plastic bag and then inhaling

Question 35

t/f: Toluene is not lipid soluble

Answer 35

false, its highly lipid soluble

Question 36

what reward system does toluene activate?

Answer 36

mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system

Question 37

what effects does toluene induce?

Answer 37

eurphoria, hallucinations, and reward effects

Question 38

does toluene show a response in conditioned place preference or self administration in mice?

Answer 38

both

Question 39

what is the onset duration of solvents?

Answer 39

quick drunk, duration is fast and only lasts an hour

Question 40

what effects do solvents give the user?

Answer 40

euphoria, hallucinations, weightlessness, double vision etc

Question 41

can you die from using solvents?

Answer 41

yes, many deaths are from muscle weakness or disorientation or seizures that lead to death

Question 42

is tolerance present for solvents?

Answer 42

yes, withdrawal symptoms appear in animals

Question 43

who does worse in experiments when compared, cocaine users or solvent users?

Answer 43

solvent abusers

Question 44

what area do solvent abusers experience the most brain degeneration?

Answer 44

cerebellum

Question 45

what did MRI scans reveal about solvent vs cocaine abusers?

Answer 45

more brain problems and degeneration in solvent users

Question 46

what other body areas are damaged by solvents?

Answer 46

organs (kidney, liver) and nerve damage (could develop MS)

Question 47

what are the results of fetal solvent syndrome?

Answer 47

low birth weight, facial abnormalities similar to FAS, extremity malformations

Question 48

how have companies tried to dissuade youth from sniffing glue?

Answer 48

putting irritants in the substance or having a parent there to purchase (but theres too many knock offs they can buy)

Question 49

what are nitrites?

Answer 49

yellow flammable liquids that smell fruity

Question 50

when were nitrites first synthesized?

Answer 50

1867, used medically

Question 51

what explosive substance are nitrites related to?

Answer 51

nitroglycerin

Question 52

what are the names of the 3 kinds of nitrites?

Answer 52

amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrite

Question 53

where was there evidence of tolerance to nitrites?

Answer 53

in workers in explosive manufacturers

Question 54

what nitrite is used as a treatment for angina and cyanide poisoning?

Answer 54

amyl nitrite

Question 55

what is the street name of nitrites?

Answer 55

poppers (medical form comes in glass you have to break)

Question 56

where are butyl and isobutyl nitrites commonly sold?

Answer 56

sex shops

Question 57

what demographic are commercial nitrites assoc. with?

Answer 57

gay men

Question 58

what are some names of commercial nitrites?

Answer 58

climax, heart on, toilet water, locker room

Question 59

how do nitrites affect blood vessels?

Answer 59

they are vasodilators, used to treat heart issues, but also dilates the anus and engorges the penis

Question 60

how long is nitrite duration for libido and sex?

Answer 60

onset 30 sec, lasts for about 5 min

Question 61

can you ingest nitrites?

Answer 61

no, it reduces oxygen carrying capacity in the blood