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zDrugs 2020 > Caffeine > Flashcards

Caffeine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most commonly used drug in the world?

A

caffeine

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2
Q

what kind of effects does caffeine provide to user?

A

psychoactive effects

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3
Q

how much caffeine is in 1 cup of coffee?

A

100mg

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4
Q

how much caffeine is in 1 cup of tea?

A

50mg

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5
Q

what is the chemical name of caffeine?

A

1,3,7 trimethylxanthine

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6
Q

what other methylxanthines are found alongside caffeine?

A

theophylline and theobromine (di-methylxanthines)

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7
Q

what is the purpose of xanthines in nature?

A

^ excitatory neurotransmitter in insects that overexcites them until death

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8
Q

what is the name of the neurotransmitter found in insects that reacts to caffeine?

A

octopamine

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9
Q

what substance is used in eco-friendly pesticides?

A

octopamine

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10
Q

does octopamine have an adverse reaction to mammals?

A

no

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11
Q

what plants have methylxantines?

A

coffee, tea, yerba mate, guarana, kola nut, cacao

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12
Q

what is yerba mate?

A

south american plant, steeped like tea

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13
Q

what is guarana?

A

brewing the berries or beans of the plant like coffee

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14
Q

which plant has double the amt of caffeine than coffee?

A

guarana

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15
Q

what is the earliest caffeinated beverage?

A

tea, in china 2737 BC by emperor Shen Nung

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16
Q

when did tea migrate to europe?

A

1500’s

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17
Q

which 2 countries was tea most popular in?

A

england and russia

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18
Q

what is a samovar?

A

large urns russians used to make tea

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19
Q

what caused the opium wars in 1800’s?

A

britain forcing china to accept opium for tea

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20
Q

what other substance is found in tea?

A

theophylline -a stimulant like caffeine

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21
Q

what does green tea contain that black tea does not?

A

polyphenols - prevents heart disease and cancer

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22
Q

what causes black tea to lose its health benefits?

A

fermented leaves destroys the polyphenols

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23
Q

how was coffee consumed before beans were roasted?

A

coffee berries chewed, fermented juice

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24
Q

why did middle eastern religion try to ban coffee?

A

saw it as an intoxicant like alcohol

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25
Q

what was coffee nicknamed by europeans?

A

‘the wine of islam’

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26
Q

what was a nickname for coffeehouses in britain?

A

penny universities -intellectual atmosphere but less cost

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27
Q

how much does starbucks coffee caffeine content differ from normal coffee?

A

about double the amount per cup

28
Q

t/f: caffeine is the only xanthins found in coffee

A

true

29
Q

what % of caffeine is added to cola drinks?

A

95%

30
Q

how much caffeine is in a can of cola?

A

40mg

31
Q

what has higher caffeine content, energy drinks or starbucks coffee?

A

starbucks coffee -an energy drink is only about 80mg vs 180 in a starbucks coffee

32
Q

what do energy drinks improve after consumption?

A

acute improvements in cognitive performance and mood

33
Q

what other drug behaviour is associated with energy drink consumption?

A

alcohol consumption in university students

34
Q

why is drinking alcohol assoc. with energy drinks?

A

the type of people likely to do these drug behaviours try all sorts of stiumulants

35
Q

how can caffeine be fatal?

A

through consumption of pure-caffeine pills (ex. 100-200mg per pill)

36
Q

what form of caffeine consumption gave young children caffeine intoxication?

A

chewing gums, mints, and candies

37
Q

what methylxanthine is found in chocolate?

A

theobromine

38
Q

chocolate was first a drink in what culture?

A

aztecs, then spanish took it from them

39
Q

who was given chocolate as betrothal gifts?

A

kings of france from spanish princesses

40
Q

what is the effectiveness of theobromine compared to caffeine?

A

1/10th of the strength of caffeine or theophylline

41
Q

what methylxanthine is fatal to dogs and other animals?

A

theobromine (aka chocolate)

42
Q

when was caffeine isolated from coffee and tea?

A

in a white powdered form

  • coffee in 1820
  • tea 7 years later
43
Q

what is the half life of caffeine?

A

5 hours

44
Q

where is caffeine metabolized?

A

the liver, excreted 90% metabolized

45
Q

how does caffeine affect SSRI antidepressants?

A

SSRI’s inhibit the enzyme that metabolizes caffeine, so ^ risk of adverse reactions to caffeine

46
Q

how do smokers metabolize caffeine?

A

twice as fast as non smokers

47
Q

do pregnancy and birth control increase or decrease metabolism of caffeine?

A

slows down metabolism, half life can be increased to 10 hours

48
Q

is caffeine an agonist or antagonist?

A

an antagonist

49
Q

what receptors does caffeine antagonize?

A

adenosine receptors (in nervous system)

50
Q

what is the role of adenosine in the body?

A

reduce the release of neurotransmitters, suppress neural activity

  • ex. sleepy, slower,
  • purpose is to reduce body’s reaction to stress
51
Q

how does caffeine interact with adenosine to create the awakening effect?

A

caffeine has similar structure to adenosine and will occupy adenosine receptors so adenosine cant attach. it blocks the effects of adenosine (sleepy) to make you feel awake

52
Q

does caffeine increase or decrease appetite?

A

decreases appetite

53
Q

does caffeine interact with alcohol?

A

it does NOT counteract the effects of alcohol

54
Q

What effect does caffeine have on calcium intake?

A

inhibits absorption and increase excretion

-bad for elderly women–> osteoporosis

55
Q

what is the lethal dose of caffeine?

A

200mg/kg (about 90 tablets, 150 cups of coffee)

56
Q

what is acute caffeine intoxication also known as?

A

caffeinism

57
Q

what is the amount of caffeine to produce caffeinism?

A

600mg of caffeine over a few hours (aprox cups of coffee)

58
Q

what kind of symptoms does caffeinism have?

A

restlessness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, muscle twitching, rambling, cardiac arrhythmia, tinnitus, etc

59
Q

is there a caffeine induced disorder or caffeine use disorder?

A

only an induced disorder, no use disorder (caused by addiction) –> doesnt produce symptoms of use disorder

60
Q

what symptoms is the tolerance of caffeine affecting?

A

cardiovascular effects, locomotor, and emotional effects (also maybe anti-sleep effects)

61
Q

can you develop a physical dependence to caffeine?

A

yes, so you can get withdrawal

62
Q

what is the most common symptom of withdrawal for caffeine?

A

headache

-others are drowsiness, anxiety, apathy, nausea, etc

63
Q

what is the peak hours of withdrawal for caffeine?

A

begins 12-24 hrs after, then peaks 24-48 hrs

64
Q

does caffeine have adverse effects to pregnancy and babies?

A

yes, should avoid caffeine

65
Q

t/f : babies have been born with caffeine withdrawal

A

true

66
Q

what is associated with maternal caffeine use?

A

low birth weight (28m for each daily cuppa)

67
Q

t/f: caffeine has no effect on SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

A

false, excess use is associated with increased risk of SIDS

zDrugs 2020 (14 decks)

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