Caffeine

Question 1

what is the most commonly used drug in the world?

Answer 1

caffeine

Question 2

what kind of effects does caffeine provide to user?

Answer 2

psychoactive effects

Question 3

how much caffeine is in 1 cup of coffee?

Answer 3

100mg

Question 4

how much caffeine is in 1 cup of tea?

Answer 4

50mg

Question 5

what is the chemical name of caffeine?

Answer 5

1,3,7 trimethylxanthine

Question 6

what other methylxanthines are found alongside caffeine?

Answer 6

theophylline and theobromine (di-methylxanthines)

Question 7

what is the purpose of xanthines in nature?

Answer 7

^ excitatory neurotransmitter in insects that overexcites them until death

Question 8

what is the name of the neurotransmitter found in insects that reacts to caffeine?

Answer 8

octopamine

Question 9

what substance is used in eco-friendly pesticides?

Answer 9

octopamine

Question 10

does octopamine have an adverse reaction to mammals?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what plants have methylxantines?

Answer 11

coffee, tea, yerba mate, guarana, kola nut, cacao

Question 12

what is yerba mate?

Answer 12

south american plant, steeped like tea

Question 13

what is guarana?

Answer 13

brewing the berries or beans of the plant like coffee

Question 14

which plant has double the amt of caffeine than coffee?

Answer 14

guarana

Question 15

what is the earliest caffeinated beverage?

Answer 15

tea, in china 2737 BC by emperor Shen Nung

Question 16

when did tea migrate to europe?

Answer 16

1500’s

Question 17

which 2 countries was tea most popular in?

Answer 17

england and russia

Question 18

what is a samovar?

Answer 18

large urns russians used to make tea

Question 19

what caused the opium wars in 1800’s?

Answer 19

britain forcing china to accept opium for tea

Question 20

what other substance is found in tea?

Answer 20

theophylline -a stimulant like caffeine

Question 21

what does green tea contain that black tea does not?

Answer 21

polyphenols - prevents heart disease and cancer

Question 22

what causes black tea to lose its health benefits?

Answer 22

fermented leaves destroys the polyphenols

Question 23

how was coffee consumed before beans were roasted?

Answer 23

coffee berries chewed, fermented juice

Question 24

why did middle eastern religion try to ban coffee?

Answer 24

saw it as an intoxicant like alcohol

Question 25

what was coffee nicknamed by europeans?

Answer 25

'the wine of islam'

Question 26

what was a nickname for coffeehouses in britain?

Answer 26

penny universities -intellectual atmosphere but less cost

Question 27

how much does starbucks coffee caffeine content differ from normal coffee?

Answer 27

about double the amount per cup

Question 28

t/f: caffeine is the only xanthins found in coffee

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what % of caffeine is added to cola drinks?

Answer 29

95%

Question 30

how much caffeine is in a can of cola?

Answer 30

40mg

Question 31

what has higher caffeine content, energy drinks or starbucks coffee?

Answer 31

starbucks coffee -an energy drink is only about 80mg vs 180 in a starbucks coffee

Question 32

what do energy drinks improve after consumption?

Answer 32

acute improvements in cognitive performance and mood

Question 33

what other drug behaviour is associated with energy drink consumption?

Answer 33

alcohol consumption in university students

Question 34

why is drinking alcohol assoc. with energy drinks?

Answer 34

the type of people likely to do these drug behaviours try all sorts of stiumulants

Question 35

how can caffeine be fatal?

Answer 35

through consumption of pure-caffeine pills (ex. 100-200mg per pill)

Question 36

what form of caffeine consumption gave young children caffeine intoxication?

Answer 36

chewing gums, mints, and candies

Question 37

what methylxanthine is found in chocolate?

Answer 37

theobromine

Question 38

chocolate was first a drink in what culture?

Answer 38

aztecs, then spanish took it from them

Question 39

who was given chocolate as betrothal gifts?

Answer 39

kings of france from spanish princesses

Question 40

what is the effectiveness of theobromine compared to caffeine?

Answer 40

1/10th of the strength of caffeine or theophylline

Question 41

what methylxanthine is fatal to dogs and other animals?

Answer 41

theobromine (aka chocolate)

Question 42

when was caffeine isolated from coffee and tea?

Answer 42

in a white powdered form - coffee in 1820 - tea 7 years later

Question 43

what is the half life of caffeine?

Answer 43

5 hours

Question 44

where is caffeine metabolized?

Answer 44

the liver, excreted 90% metabolized

Question 45

how does caffeine affect SSRI antidepressants?

Answer 45

SSRI's inhibit the enzyme that metabolizes caffeine, so ^ risk of adverse reactions to caffeine

Question 46

how do smokers metabolize caffeine?

Answer 46

twice as fast as non smokers

Question 47

do pregnancy and birth control increase or decrease metabolism of caffeine?

Answer 47

slows down metabolism, half life can be increased to 10 hours

Question 48

is caffeine an agonist or antagonist?

Answer 48

an antagonist

Question 49

what receptors does caffeine antagonize?

Answer 49

adenosine receptors (in nervous system)

Question 50

what is the role of adenosine in the body?

Answer 50

reduce the release of neurotransmitters, suppress neural activity - ex. sleepy, slower, - purpose is to reduce body's reaction to stress

Question 51

how does caffeine interact with adenosine to create the awakening effect?

Answer 51

caffeine has similar structure to adenosine and will occupy adenosine receptors so adenosine cant attach. it blocks the effects of adenosine (sleepy) to make you feel awake

Question 52

does caffeine increase or decrease appetite?

Answer 52

decreases appetite

Question 53

does caffeine interact with alcohol?

Answer 53

it does NOT counteract the effects of alcohol

Question 54

What effect does caffeine have on calcium intake?

Answer 54

inhibits absorption and increase excretion | -bad for elderly women--> osteoporosis

Question 55

what is the lethal dose of caffeine?

Answer 55

200mg/kg (about 90 tablets, 150 cups of coffee)

Question 56

what is acute caffeine intoxication also known as?

Answer 56

caffeinism

Question 57

what is the amount of caffeine to produce caffeinism?

Answer 57

600mg of caffeine over a few hours (aprox cups of coffee)

Question 58

what kind of symptoms does caffeinism have?

Answer 58

restlessness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, muscle twitching, rambling, cardiac arrhythmia, tinnitus, etc

Question 59

is there a caffeine induced disorder or caffeine use disorder?

Answer 59

only an induced disorder, no use disorder (caused by addiction) --> doesnt produce symptoms of use disorder

Question 60

what symptoms is the tolerance of caffeine affecting?

Answer 60

cardiovascular effects, locomotor, and emotional effects (also maybe anti-sleep effects)

Question 61

can you develop a physical dependence to caffeine?

Answer 61

yes, so you can get withdrawal

Question 62

what is the most common symptom of withdrawal for caffeine?

Answer 62

headache | -others are drowsiness, anxiety, apathy, nausea, etc

Question 63

what is the peak hours of withdrawal for caffeine?

Answer 63

begins 12-24 hrs after, then peaks 24-48 hrs

Question 64

does caffeine have adverse effects to pregnancy and babies?

Answer 64

yes, should avoid caffeine

Question 65

t/f : babies have been born with caffeine withdrawal

Answer 65

true

Question 66

what is associated with maternal caffeine use?

Answer 66

low birth weight (28m for each daily cuppa)

Question 67

t/f: caffeine has no effect on SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

Answer 67

false, excess use is associated with increased risk of SIDS