Miscellaneous Hallucinogens

Question 1

what are the two kinds of dissociative anesthetics?

Answer 1

Phencyclidine and ketamine

Question 2

what is a dissociative anesthetic?

Answer 2

produces total anesthesia, but also produces an OOB experience and dissociation at low doses

Question 3

what was the trade name of phencyclidine when first marketed?

Answer 3

Sernyl

Question 4

why was phencyclidine removed from human use?

Answer 4

side effects were hallucinations and seizures

Question 5

why was phencyclidine seen as a good anesthetic?

Answer 5

did not produce low blood pressure like other anesthetics

Question 6

what was the purpose of ketamine development?

Answer 6

supposed to be phencyclidine with less bad side effects

Question 7

when was phencyclidine developed?

Answer 7

1950s

Question 8

when was ketamine developed?

Answer 8

1960s

Question 9

what are the common street names for phencyclidine?

Answer 9

PCP, angel dust, horse tranq’s

Question 10

how is PCP taken?

Answer 10

orally by powder or liquid

Question 11

what other drug is PCP often combined with?

Answer 11

marajuana joints

Question 12

what is the dosage range?

Answer 12

1-10mg

Question 13

what are the effects of taking PCP?

Answer 13

euphoria, numbness, fixed stare (doll eyes), body image distortion, hallucinations, mood changes, aggressiveness

Question 14

how long do PCP effects last?

Answer 14

4-6 hours but can persist for few days

Question 15

what is the prevalence of bad trips in PCP?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

what happens with large doses of PCP?

Answer 16

psychosis and convusions

Question 17

is there tolerance to PCP?

Answer 17

yes, withdrawal symptoms exist in non human animals, but NOT in humans

Question 18

what is the street name for ketamine?

Answer 18

Special K

Question 19

how is ketamine taken?

Answer 19

powder, liquid, smoked, orally, injected, etc

Question 20

what is the effect length of ketamine?

Answer 20

2 hours, shorter length than PCP

Question 21

what is the term used to describe the effects of ketamine?

Answer 21

‘entering the K hole’

Question 22

what medical model is ketamine said to provide?

Answer 22

a model for psychosis and schizo

Question 23

what receptors do PCP and ketamine bind to in the brain?

Answer 23

sigma opiate receptors

Question 24

PCP and ketamine act as an antagonist on what aspect of the brain?

Answer 24

neuronal activity produced by glutamate

Question 25

how does antagonism of glutamate make the drug rewarding to users?

Answer 25

increases domaminergic activity in the brain

Question 26

what is the abbriviation of Dextromethorphan?

Answer 26

DM

Question 27

what is DM?

Answer 27

a cough suppressant

Question 28

what does DM act on in the brain?

Answer 28

stimulates sigma opiate receptors, blocks glutamate receptors (same as PCP and ketamine)

Question 29

what is the nickname for consuming DM?

Answer 29

robo-copping, chug-a-tussin, robo-ing, etc (Robitussin is common source of cough meds with DM)

Question 30

what dose ranges lead to what effects?

Answer 30

``` 200mg = euphoria 400mg= closed eyes hallucinations, vivid imagination 600mg= OOB, psychotic like ```

Question 31

what is the common name for Salvia divinorum?

Answer 31

Diviner's Sage

Question 32

what plant is diviner's sage related to?

Answer 32

mint family

Question 33

what ancient civ. used diviners sage?

Answer 33

Mexico Mazatec tribes

Question 34

how is Salvia classified in Canada as a drug?

Answer 34

its a schedule 4 drug

Question 35

what does schedule 4 drug mean for users?

Answer 35

not illegal to possess it

Question 36

how is salvia consumed?

Answer 36

chewing, smoking, or making tea

Question 37

effect length of salvia?

Answer 37

few minutes of hallucination with smoking, few hours if orally consumed

Question 38

what is the active ingredient in salvia?

Answer 38

salvinorin A

Question 39

what does salvinorin A effect in the brain?

Answer 39

agonist to kappa opioid receptors

Question 40

What is Thujone?

Answer 40

a naturally occuring hallucinogen

Question 41

where is thujone naturally found in?

Answer 41

wormwood

Question 42

what was wormwood popularly used in, in the 1800s?

Answer 42

Absinthe

Question 43

what does thujone act on in the brain?

Answer 43

GABA-a antagonist, so increases neural activity

Question 44

when was absinthe banned?

Answer 44

1910

Question 45

is absinthe available now?

Answer 45

yes in controlled amts

Question 46

what is the nickname for absinthe?

Answer 46

the green fairy

Question 47

how is absinthe consumed?

Answer 47

you drink it, pouring it over a sugar cube and setting it on fire to melt it into the drink