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zDrugs 2020 > Miscellaneous Hallucinogens > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Hallucinogens Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two kinds of dissociative anesthetics?

A

Phencyclidine and ketamine

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2
Q

what is a dissociative anesthetic?

A

produces total anesthesia, but also produces an OOB experience and dissociation at low doses

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3
Q

what was the trade name of phencyclidine when first marketed?

A

Sernyl

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4
Q

why was phencyclidine removed from human use?

A

side effects were hallucinations and seizures

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5
Q

why was phencyclidine seen as a good anesthetic?

A

did not produce low blood pressure like other anesthetics

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6
Q

what was the purpose of ketamine development?

A

supposed to be phencyclidine with less bad side effects

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7
Q

when was phencyclidine developed?

A

1950s

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8
Q

when was ketamine developed?

A

1960s

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9
Q

what are the common street names for phencyclidine?

A

PCP, angel dust, horse tranq’s

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10
Q

how is PCP taken?

A

orally by powder or liquid

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11
Q

what other drug is PCP often combined with?

A

marajuana joints

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12
Q

what is the dosage range?

A

1-10mg

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13
Q

what are the effects of taking PCP?

A

euphoria, numbness, fixed stare (doll eyes), body image distortion, hallucinations, mood changes, aggressiveness

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14
Q

how long do PCP effects last?

A

4-6 hours but can persist for few days

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15
Q

what is the prevalence of bad trips in PCP?

A

80%

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16
Q

what happens with large doses of PCP?

A

psychosis and convusions

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17
Q

is there tolerance to PCP?

A

yes, withdrawal symptoms exist in non human animals, but NOT in humans

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18
Q

what is the street name for ketamine?

A

Special K

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19
Q

how is ketamine taken?

A

powder, liquid, smoked, orally, injected, etc

20
Q

what is the effect length of ketamine?

A

2 hours, shorter length than PCP

21
Q

what is the term used to describe the effects of ketamine?

A

‘entering the K hole’

22
Q

what medical model is ketamine said to provide?

A

a model for psychosis and schizo

23
Q

what receptors do PCP and ketamine bind to in the brain?

A

sigma opiate receptors

24
Q

PCP and ketamine act as an antagonist on what aspect of the brain?

A

neuronal activity produced by glutamate

25
Q

how does antagonism of glutamate make the drug rewarding to users?

A

increases domaminergic activity in the brain

26
Q

what is the abbriviation of Dextromethorphan?

A

DM

27
Q

what is DM?

A

a cough suppressant

28
Q

what does DM act on in the brain?

A

stimulates sigma opiate receptors, blocks glutamate receptors (same as PCP and ketamine)

29
Q

what is the nickname for consuming DM?

A

robo-copping, chug-a-tussin, robo-ing, etc (Robitussin is common source of cough meds with DM)

30
Q

what dose ranges lead to what effects?

A 
200mg = euphoria 
400mg= closed eyes hallucinations, vivid imagination
600mg= OOB, psychotic like
31
Q

what is the common name for Salvia divinorum?

A

Diviner’s Sage

32
Q

what plant is diviner’s sage related to?

A

mint family

33
Q

what ancient civ. used diviners sage?

A

Mexico Mazatec tribes

34
Q

how is Salvia classified in Canada as a drug?

A

its a schedule 4 drug

35
Q

what does schedule 4 drug mean for users?

A

not illegal to possess it

36
Q

how is salvia consumed?

A

chewing, smoking, or making tea

37
Q

effect length of salvia?

A

few minutes of hallucination with smoking, few hours if orally consumed

38
Q

what is the active ingredient in salvia?

A

salvinorin A

39
Q

what does salvinorin A effect in the brain?

A

agonist to kappa opioid receptors

40
Q

What is Thujone?

A

a naturally occuring hallucinogen

41
Q

where is thujone naturally found in?

A

wormwood

42
Q

what was wormwood popularly used in, in the 1800s?

A

Absinthe

43
Q

what does thujone act on in the brain?

A

GABA-a antagonist, so increases neural activity

44
Q

when was absinthe banned?

A

1910

45
Q

is absinthe available now?

A

yes in controlled amts

46
Q

what is the nickname for absinthe?

A

the green fairy

47
Q

how is absinthe consumed?

A

you drink it, pouring it over a sugar cube and setting it on fire to melt it into the drink

zDrugs 2020 (14 decks)

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