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GSCE BIOLOGY > Stem Cells > Flashcards

Stem Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various specialized cell types based on thwir larticular environment

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2
Q

True or False: Stem cells can only be found in embryos.

A

False: Stem cells can be found in embryos as well as in adult tissues.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The two main types of stem cells are _____ and _____ stem cells.

A

embryonic, adult

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4
Q

What is the primary characteristic of pluripotent stem cells?

A

Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into nearly any cell type in the body.

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5
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a source of adult stem cells? A) Bone marrow B) Amniotic fluid C) Embryos D) All of the above

A

A) Bone marrow

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6
Q

True or False: Stem cells can only be used for research purposes.

A

False: Stem cells can be used for research, regenerative medicine, and therapies.

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7
Q

What role do stem cells play in regenerative medicine?

A

Stem cells are used to repair or replace damaged tissues, organs, bones marrow, immune systems

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: Stem cells have the ability to _____ and _____ to form different cell types.

A

self-renew, differentiate

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9
Q

What is a key ethical concern associated with embryonic stem cell research?

A

The ethical concern is related to the destruction of embryos used to obtain these stem cells.

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10
Q

True or False: All stem cells are capable of unlimited division.

A

False: While many stem cells can divide extensively, some have limits on their division.

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11
Q

What is the term for the process by which stem cells become specialized cell types?

A

Differentiation

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12
Q

What dies pluripotent mean

A

When cells habe the ability to differenciate imto all the types of cells in the body

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13
Q

Where can adult stem cells be found

A

The bone marrow and other places like the skin

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14
Q

What desases can stem cells treat

A

Type 1 diabetes
Arkinsons desease
Heart deseas

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15
Q

What is meristem tissue

A

Areas of plant tissue at which growth occurs. Cells in these tissues have the ability to divide and specialies over and over abain theoughout its entire life, which is why plants grow taller.

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16
Q

Similarities of embyronic and adult stem cells

A

Can be cloned to made to differentiate into specialised cells

17
Q

Differences between embyronic and adult stem cells

A

Embryonic arempluripotent and can differentiate into any cells, adult stem cells can only differemtiate into some

18
Q

What is differentiation

A

the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions in an organism

19
Q

How can i make a plant clone

A

Take a metristem and place in a petri dish with nutrients, then plant the plantlet in soil

20
Q

Why are scientists interested in studying plant stem tissuesmm

A

Can increase populations of plants

21
Q

How does stem cells help type 1 diabetes

A

Imsulin cells in the pancreas can help the production of sulin and manage type 1

22
Q

How do stem cells help parkinsons deseas

A

Replacing dopamine that ahs been lost from the brain

23
Q

How do stem cells help heart deseas

A

Can reproduce cardiac muscle tissue

24
Q

Whats the difference between pluri and multi potent

A

Pluri is all cells
Multi is some

25
Q

What are the 2 purposes of stem cells

A

Self renewal and differentiation

26
Q

Why do plant grow taller

A

Because meristem produce stem cells throughout its entire life

27
Q

Where is meristem found

A

In the tip of shoots or the roots

28
Q

What is a zygot

A

The fertalised egg from the sperm

29
Q

How do embryonic cells become specialised

A

Embryonic stem cells removed from an embryo, the. Cultured in a labatory into a mass of undifferentiated cells, to be differentiated based on their environment

30
Q

How do adukt cells become specialised

A

Adult stem cells are removed from the tissue of a patient (bone marrow) and grouped into a mass of u differentiated cells and are either injected back into a patient if needed (ilness) or cells are made to differentiate outside the body (skin)

31
Q

An example of stem cells being used to treat ilnes

A

nmultiple sclerosis sufferes in order to regain them mobility, most widely used stem cell treatment is used for people with blood conditions

GSCE BIOLOGY (8 decks)

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