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GSCE BIOLOGY > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of Eukaryotic cells

A

Animal and plant

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2
Q

What type of cells are bacteria

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Where is DNA found in all cells

A

The nucleus

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4
Q

Whats the function of the cell membrane

A

Controls the movement of substances inside and outside the cell

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5
Q

Functions of mitochondria

A

Its the site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

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6
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Contains chlorophyll which contain light energy to photosynthesis, the chlorophyll have a green pigmint for this

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7
Q

Function of ribosones

A

Enable function of protein (protein synthesis)

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8
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Strengthens and supports the cell

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9
Q

Whats the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryrotic cell

A

Single loop of DNA

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10
Q

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes

A

• electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light
• cannot be used to view living samples
• are much more expensive
• have a much higher magnification and resolution

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11
Q

Function of a red blood cell

A

Carries oxygen around the boody

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12
Q

3 adaptations of a red blood cell

A

• no nucleus
• contains a red pigment called haemoglobin
• has a bi-concave disc shape

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13
Q

Function of a nerve cell

A

carries electrical impulses around the body

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14
Q

2 adaptations of a nerve cell

A

branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon

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15
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

Fertillises the egg (ovum)

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16
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

Fertillises the egg (ovum)

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17
Q

2 adaptations of a sperm cell

A

• tail
• contains lots of mitochondria

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18
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell?

A

They are responsible for ohotosynthesis and carry the chloroplasts

19
Q

2 adaptations of paliside cell

A

• lots of chloroplasts
• located at the top surface of the leaf

20
Q

Function of root hair cell

A

absorbs minerals and water from the soil

21
Q

2 adaptations of root hair cell

A

• long projection
• lots of mitochondria

22
Q

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms

A

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, while multicellular organisms use many different cells to function. Unicellular organisms include bacteria, protists, and yeast.

23
Q

What are organelles

A

organelles are specialised structures within cells e.g. mitochondria/chloroplasts

24
Q

Whats chromatin

A

A mixture of protein and DNA that holds genetic material, tightly packed inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

25
Q

What are nucleous

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

26
Q

What are plasmids

A

A small circular strand of DNA in the cytoplasm. They are genetic structures that independantly carry and replicate chromosones

27
Q

What are vacuoles

A

Membrane bound cell organells that help keep the cell turgid

28
Q

What are lipids

A

Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body. They’re part of your cell membranes and help control what goes in and out of your cells. They help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones.

29
Q

State the definition of eukaryotic cells

A

Plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

30
Q

State the definition of prokaryotic cells

A

Unicellular organisms without a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles

31
Q

What is the flagella

A

A long protein strand that is used to propel cells (to move)

32
Q

Whats the slime capsuoles function

A

protects the cell from physical and chemical attacks

33
Q

Hows DNA arranged in eukaryotic cells

A

genetic material is housed in the nucleus and tightly packaged into linear chromosomes

34
Q

How DNA arranged in prokaryotic cells

A

In prokaryotes (bacteria), the genome is composed of a single, double-stranded DNA molecule in the form of a loop or circle. The region in the cell containing this genetic material is called a nucleoid which is found in the cytoplasm and isnt enclosed by a nucleus

35
Q

Whats cellular respiration

A

The process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.

36
Q

Whats the cell theory

A
  • all living things are made up of cells
  • a cell is the simplest unit of a living thing
  • organelles are specialised structures within cells e.g. mitochondria/chloroplasts
37
Q

State the definition of a cell

A

The most basic unit of a living thing

38
Q

Examples of different things in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotic
- have their DNA in a nucleus
- have a membrane-bound organelles
- contain many linear chromosones
- much larger than prokaryotes (100ųm)
- multicellular
- all animals and plants are examples
Prokaryotic
- have free DNA (not surrounded by nuclueus)
- no organelles EXCEPT SMALL RIBOSOMES
- single cell (unicellular)
- bacteria are an example

39
Q

Magnitudes of Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes - 1x10^-6
Prokaryotes - 1x10^-5

40
Q

Magnitudes of Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes - 1x10^-6
Prokaryotes - 1x10^-5

41
Q

Whats cellulose cell wall

A

Cellulose is the main substance found in plant cell walls and helps the plant to remain stiff and strong,

42
Q

Whats the large permenant vacuole

A

Stores cell sap

43
Q

How bigs a nanometre

A

1x10^-9

GSCE BIOLOGY (8 decks)

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