⭐💖Steele and Aronson

Question 1

Possible Questions

Answer 1

Discuss one or more effects of stereotyping on behavior

Question 2

Year

Answer 2

1995

Question 3

Aim

Answer 3

See how stereotype threat affects test performance in African Americans.

Stereotype Threat in this study defined as: being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one’s group

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

76 male and female Black and white undergrads

Question 5

Procedure

Answer 5

2 IVS
- race of participant
- test description

• Given standardized test of Verbal ability (similar to SAT)
• Either told: test to diagnose intellectual ability or test of problem solving skills
• Participants randomly assigned to one condition
• Made sure equal number of participants in each condition

Question 6

Results and Conclusion

Answer 6

• African American performed poorly when they thought it was a test of verbal ability.
• Did just as well as whites when they thought it was a test of problem solving skills

When they experienced stereotype threat, it caused them to perform less well than they would have otherwise

Question 7

Evaluation

Answer 7

Population Validity
- Stanford students
- May not be representative of entire population, so difficult to generalize

Internal Validity
- Although there was difference in scores under conditions, not necessarily due to stereotype threat
- Salience of racial identity and level of stress were not measured

Participant Variability minimized
- Verbal score collected from participants’ SAT scores to ensure they were in the norm of verbal performance