⭐⭐Martin and Halverson

Question 1

Possible Questions

Answer 1

Discuss one or more studies of the enculturation of one behavior.

Question 2

Year

Answer 2

1983

Question 3

Aim

Answer 3

Investigate how schema play a role in how children understand and learn about gender roles.

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

48 children
5-6 years old

Question 5

Procedure

Answer 5

Each child was:
- Given a test to asses level of gender stereotyping before the experiment
- Then, presented with 16 pictures one at a time
- Pictures were of males or females either doing activity that was consistent or inconsistent with ender role schemas.

• 1 week later asked to remember the pictures
• They were asked about 24 pictures, 8 of which they were not shown originally
• Asked if it was boy, girl, man, woman, or don’t remember
• Asked to rate their confidence in each answer on scale 0-4

Question 6

Results and conclusion

Answer 6

• Female actors consistent with gender stereotypes were remembered better than inconsistent.
• Male actor inconsistent with gender stereotypes remembered better than consistent
• Children more confident in answers when pictures aligned with gender roles

Question 7

Evaluation

Answer 7

Ecological Validity: low
- artificial task
- highly controlled

Reliability: High
- highly standardized
- can be replicated

Controlled response bias
- Asking about pictures they had not been shown
- Ask level of confidence in answer
- Gave 5 options, not forced choice

• Result of gender stereotyping test not correlated with memory distortion
• leads to question how schema was operationalized