⭐💖Hamilton and Gifford

Question 1

Possible Questions

Answer 1

Discuss one or more theories on the formation of stereotypes.

Question 2

Year

Answer 2

1976

Question 3

Aim

Answer 3

Study if distinctiveness based illusory correlations lead to stereotyping

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

70 American undergrads
- 35 male
- 35 female

Question 5

Procedure

Answer 5

• Participants showed series of slides
• Two groups : Group A, Group B
• Each slide had positive or negative statement about someone in Group A or Group B
• Group A had 26 people, and Group B had 13 people, meaning Group A was twice as large as Group B
• Participants asked to rank members of each group on 20 trairs
• Then, given booklet with statement and they had to match to someone in Group A or Group B
• Asked how many undesirable statements each group had
• Half of participants did trait ranking after booklet, change order of measurement of DV

Question 6

Results and Conclusion

Answer 6

Trait Ratings
- Group A ranked higher than group b for positive traits, and lower for negative traits

Booklet
- More positive traits recalled for group a than group b
- more negative traits recalled for group b than group a

Because minority group (B) was smaller, negative behavior appeared more distinct and perceived as representative of the group (distinctiveness based IC)

Demonstrates why negative stereotypes more common for minority groups than majority

Question 7

Evaluation

Answer 7

Internal Validity: high
- Created group A and B
- No pre-existing stereotypes

Ecological Validity: Low
- unnatural conditions
- may not reflect how stereotypes are formed in real life with more context

Controlled Participant Variability
- Conditions concurrent (happening at same time)
- Repeated measures design