Status Anxiety

Question 1

earn [ɜ:rn] 1

근로소득

Answer 1

Up until a certain age, no one minds much what we do, existence alone is enough to earn us unconditional affection.
[VERB] If you earn something such as praise, you get it because you deserve it.
[VERB] If you earn money, you receive money in return for work that you do.
cf) erned income 근로소득

Question 2

burp (up)

at the top of one’s voice/lungs

cutlery[kʌtləri] 1

relieve oneself

Answer 2

We can burp up our food, scream at the top of our voice, throw the cutlery on the floor, spend the day gazing blankly out of the window, relieve ourselves in the flower pot.
[VERB] When someone burps, they make a noise because air from their stomach has been forced up through their throat.
*very loudly
[NOUN] Cutlery consists of the knives, forks, and spoons that you eat your food with.
in AM, use silverware, flatware
[VERB] [OLD-FASHIONED] If people or animals relieve themselves, they urinate or defecate.

Question 3

stroke stroke

Answer 3

We still know that someone will come and stroke our hair

[VERB] If you stroke someone or something, you move your hand slowly and gently over them.

Question 4

indulgent[ɪndʌldʒənt] 2

Answer 4

Even those who are not our own mothers, be they men or women, behave as indulgently.
[ADJ] If you are indulgent, you treat a person with special kindness, often in a way that is not good for them.
[ADV] (보통 못마땅함) (자기) 하고 싶은 대로 다 하게 놔두는

Question 5

우리 엄마가 아닌 사람조차도, 그사람이 여자든 남자든, 우리는 하고 싶은 대로 행동한다.

Answer 5

Even those who are not our own mothers, be they men or women, we behave as indulgently.
*be they=whether they be

Question 6

idyllic [aɪdɪlɪk]2

be fated to do something [feɪtɪd] 2

Answer 6

But this idyllic state is fated not to endure.
[ADJ] If you describe something as idyllic, you mean that it is extremely pleasant, simple, and peaceful without any difficulties or dangers.
[ADJ] If you say that a person is fated to do something, or that something is fated, you mean that it seems to have been decided by fate before it happens, and nothing can be done to avoid or change it.

Question 7

우리가 우리의 교육을 모두이수할(끝낼) 즈음엔, 우리는 새로운 종류의 인간에 의해 지배당하는 세상에서 자리를 잡게 되어버립니다.

Answer 7

By the time we have finished our education, we are forced to take our place in a world dominated by a new kind of person.
*~(상태가 될) 즈음엔

Question 8

snobbery [snɒbəri] 1

disown [dɪsoʊn]2

disgraced [dɪsgreɪst] 2

subsist on [səbsɪst]2

Answer 8

Though certain friends and lovers will remain immune from snobbery, will promise not to disown us even if we are bankrupted and disgraced, in general, we are forced to subsist on a diet of the highly conditional attentions of snobs.
[NOUN] Snobbery is the attitude of a snob. 속물근성
[VERB] If you disown someone or something, you say or show that you no longer want to have any connection with them or any responsibility for them.
[ADJ] You use disgraced to describe someone whose bad behaviour has caused them to lose the approval and respect of the public or of people in authority.
[VERB] [FORMAL] If people subsist, they are just able to obtain the food or money that they need in order to stay alive.

Question 9

come into/go out of use

Answer 9

The word “snobbery” came into use for the first time in England during the 1820s.
*start/stop being used

Question 10

diametrically [daɪəmetrɪkli] 1 3

Answer 10

but it quickly assumed its modern and almost diametrically opposed meaning.
[ADV] [emphasis] If you say that two things are diametrically opposed, you are emphasizing that they are completely different from each other.

Question 11

어떤 이는 사회적 지위와 인간의 가치사이에 완벽한 방정식이 성립한다고 믿는다.

Answer 11

someone believes in a flawless equation between social rank and human worth
*flawless :[ADJ] If you say that something or someone is flawless, you mean that they are extremely good and that there are no faults or problems with them.

Question 12

pin somebody/something down

apex [eɪpeks] 1

Answer 12

they were first pinned down in language at a time and place when aristocrats stood at the social apex.
* to make somebody unable to move, especially by holding them firmly
/to identify or understand something exactly
[NOUN] [usu sing, oft the N of n] The apex of something is its pointed top or end. =pinnacle [pɪnɪkəl]1 [NOUN] [usu sing, N of n] If someone reaches the pinnacle of their career or the pinnacle of a particular area of life, they are at the highest point of it.

Question 13

identification of ~ with ~ [aɪdentɪfɪkeɪʃən] 2 5 of ~ with ~

phenomenon [fɪnɒmɪnɑ:n] 2

Answer 13

the identification of snobbery with an enthusiasm for old-world manners hardly captures the diversity of the phenomenon.
[NOUN] [usu N of n with n] The identification of one person or thing with another is the close association of one with the other.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] A phenomenon is something that is observed to happen or exist.

Question 14

그것은 너무 많은 것들을 배제시켜 버립니다.

Answer 14

It lets too many off the hook.

*let somebody off the hook: allow somebody to escape from a difficult situation or punishment

Question 15

ingratiate [ɪngreɪʃieɪt] 2

Answer 15

Snobs can be found through history ingratiating themselves with a range of prominent groups.
[VERB] [disapproval] If someone tries to ingratiate themselves with you, they do things to try and make you like them. [수동태로는 안 씀] ~ yourself (with sb) (못마땅함) 환심을 사다

Question 16

Early on

encounter [ɪnkaʊntər] 2

bountiful [baʊntɪfʊl] 1

Answer 16

Early on in an encounter, the subject of what we “do” will arise and depending on how we answer, we will either be the recipients of bountiful attention or the catalysts of urgent disgust.
*at an early stage of a situation, relationship, period of time, etc
[NOUN] [usu with supp] An encounter is a particular type of experience.
[ADJ] A bountiful supply or amount of something pleasant is a large one.

Question 17

만남의 초기에 있어서, 우리가 무엇을 하느냐(뭘로 먹고 사느냐)라는 주제가 나올 것이고, 우리가 어떻게 대답을 하느냐에 따라, 우리는 엄청난 관심의 수혜자가 될 수도 구역질의 촉매제가 될 수도 있다.

Answer 17

Early on in an encounter, the subject of what we “do” will arise and depending on how we answer, we will either be the recipients of bountiful attention or the catalysts of urgent disgust.
*the subject of what we “do”

Question 18

company [kʌmpəni] 1

enrage [ɪnreɪdʒ] 2

unnerve [ʌnnɜ:rv] 1 2

deep down

Answer 18

The company of the snobbish has the power to enrage and unnerve because we sense how little of who we are deep down- that is, how little of who we are outside of our status-will be able to govern their behavior towards us.
[NOUN] Company is having another person or other people with you, usually when this is pleasant or stops you feeling lonely. 함께 있음
[VERB] If you are enraged by something, it makes you extremely angry.
[VERB] If you say that something unnerves you, you mean that it worries or troubles you.
*in your most private thoughts; in reality rather than in appearance

Question 19

endow [ɪndaʊ] 2

wield [wi:ld]1

badge [bædʒ]

Answer 19

We may be endowed with the wisdom of Solomon and have the resourcefulness and intelligence of Odysseus, but if we are unable to wield socially recognized badges of our qualities, our existence will remain a matter of raw indifference to them.
[VERB] [usu passive] You say that someone is endowed with a particular desirable ability, characteristic, or possession when they have it by chance or by birth.
[VERB] If someone wields power, they have it and are able to use it.
[NOUN] A badge is a piece of metal or cloth which you wear to show that you belong to an organization or support a cause. American English usually uses button to refer to a small round metal badge. 증표

Question 20

by definition

repay [rɪpeɪ] 2

worldly [wɜ:rldli] 1

Answer 20

Babies cannot, by definition, repay their caretakers with worldly rewards.
*그 정의로 볼때, 그 이름이 말해주듯, 당연히
[VERB] If you repay a loan or a debt, you pay back the money that you owe to the person who you borrowed or took it from.
[ADJ] [ADJ n] [mainly LITERARY] Worldly is used to describe things relating to success, wealth, and possessions.세속적인

Question 21

In so far as

barest<-bare [beər]

Answer 21

In so far as they are loved and looked after, it is therefore for who they are, identity understood in its barest, most stripped-down state.
[ADV] to the degree or extent that
[ADJ] If a part of your body is bare, it is not covered by any clothing.

Question 22

howl [haʊl]

Answer 22

They are loved for, or in spite of, their uncontrolled, howling and stubborn characters.
[VERB] If a person howls, they make a long, loud cry expressing pain, anger, or unhappiness.

Question 23

우리가 성숙하고 나서야(성숙하고 나면) 애정은 성취물에 달리기 시작한다.

Answer 23

Only as we mature does affection begin to depend on achievement.
*only as: ~하고 나서야

Question 24

crave [kreɪv]

dazzle [dæzəl] 1

deed [di:d]

tenor [tenər]1

Answer 24

Such efforts may attract the interest of others, but the underlying emotional craving is not so much to dazzle because of our deeds as to recapture the tenor of the bountiful, indiscriminate petting we received in return for arranging wooden bricks on the kitchen floor.
[VERB] If you crave something, you want to have it very much.
[VERB] If someone or something dazzles you, you are extremely impressed by their skill, qualities, or beauty.
[NOUN] A deed is something that is done, especially something that is very good or very bad.
[NOUN] [with poss] [FORMAL] The tenor of something is the general meaning or mood that it expresses. 느낌, 기억, 색조

Question 25

그러한 노력은 다른 사람들의 관심을 끌 수 있을지는 모르지만, 마음 속 기저에 있는 갈망은 우리의 성취물로 (다른사람들을) 놀라게 하는 것이 아니라 부엌 바닥에 나무 블럭을 정돈한 보상으로 받는 풍부하고 차별없는 토닥임의 기억 혹은 느낌을 다시 잡고 싶어서입니다.

Answer 25

Such efforts may attract the interest of others, but the underlying emotional craving is not so much to dazzle because of our deeds as to recapture the tenor of the bountiful, indiscriminate petting we received in return for arranging wooden bricks on the kitchen floor.

• not so much ~ as~
• in return for ~

Question 26

inept [ɪnept]2

base [beɪs]

Answer 26

It is evidence of this craving that only the most inept flatterer would admit to a wish to base a friendship around an attraction to power or fame.
[ADJ] [disapproval] If you say that someone is inept, you are criticizing them because they do something with a complete lack of skill.
[VERB] If you base one thing on another thing, the first thing develops from the second thing.

Question 27

volatile [vɒlətəl] 1

irreducible [ɪrɪdju:sɪbəl] 1 3

selves<-self

Answer 27

Such assets would feel like insulting and volatile reasons to be invited to lunch, for they lie outside the circle of our true and irreducible selves.
[ADJ] A situation that is volatile is likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly.
[ADJ] [FORMAL] Irreducible things cannot be made simpler or smaller.
[NOUN] Your self is your basic personality or nature, especially considered in terms of what you are really like as a person.

Question 28

perish [perɪʃ] 1

slacken [slækən] 1

Answer 28

Jobs can be lost and influence eroded without us perishing nor our childhood-founded need for affection slackening.
[VERB] [WRITTEN] If people or animals perish, they die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of an accident.
[VERB] If something slackens or if you slacken it, it becomes slower, less active, or less intense.

Question 29

fickle [fɪkəl]1

Answer 29

Yet, despite their efforts, the prey are liable to detect the fickleness beneath the polished surface.
[ADJ] [disapproval] If you describe someone as fickle, you disapprove of them because they keep changing their mind about what they like or want.

Question 30

precarious [prɪkeəriəs]2

Answer 30

Yet, despite their efforts, the prey are liable to leave the company of snobs fearing the irrelevance of their essential selves beside any status which, for a time, they may hold precariously in their hands.
[ADJ] Something that is precarious is not securely held in place and seems likely to fall or collapse at any moment.

Question 31

그들(속물들)의 노력에도 불구하고, 먹잇감들은 그들의 본질적인 자아와 멀어지는 것에 두려움을 느끼며 속물과의 동행을 어떠한 지위 그러니까 잠시동안, 그들의 손 안에 없어질 듯하더라도 쥘 수 있는 그런 지위 옆에 두기 쉽습니다.

Answer 31

Yet, despite their efforts, the prey are liable to leave the company of snobs fearing the irrelevance of their essential selves beside any status which, for a time, they may hold precariously in their hands.
*for a time