Ex-Dictator’s Daughter Elected President as South Korea Rejects Sharp Change

Question 1

tenure [tenjər] 1

staunch[stɔ:ntʃ] 1

win the post

Answer 1

With the election of Park Geun-hye as president on Wednesday, South Korea extended the tenure of its staunchly pro-American governing party and handed power to the daughter of South Korea’s longest-ruling dictator, the first woman to win the post in a deeply patriarchal part of Asia.
[NOUN] [with supp] Tenure is the period of time during which someone holds an important job.
[ADJ] A staunch supporter or believer is very loyal to a person, organization, or set of beliefs, and supports them strongly.
[NOUN] [usu with supp, oft N of/as n] [FORMAL] A post in a company or organization is a job or official position in it, usually one that involves responsibility.

Question 2

stalwart [stɔ:lwərt]1

Answer 2

the conservative Ms. Park won 51.6 percent of the vote compared with 48 percent for Moon Jae-in, a liberal stalwart.
[NOUN] A stalwart is a loyal worker or supporter of an organization, especially a political party.

Question 3

memoir [|mɛmwɑ:] 1

right along

Answer 3

According to her memoir, when told her father, Park Chung-hee, was assassinated in 1979, she responded, “Is everything all right along the border with North Korea?”
[NOUN] an essay or monograph, as on a specialized topic
*right along:순조롭게 돌아가는

Question 4

stark[stɑ:rk] 1

derail [di:reɪl] 1 2

Answer 4

In its starkest terms, this election was about South Korea’s continuing confrontation with its authoritarian past, and confusion over whether a conservative or liberal approach would best serve the country as it tries to stop North Korea’s excesses and to handle growing frustration over economic inequality without derailing the country’s economic miracle.
[ADJ] Stark choices or statements are harsh and unpleasant.
[VERB] [JOURNALISM] To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned.탈선하다

Question 5

lot [lɒt]

inroad [|ɪn|rəʊd] 1

Answer 5

few see her win as likely to significantly change the lot of women anytime soon in a traditional society where, despite some strong inroads in business and government, women’s most important job is still considered to be raising children.
[NOUN] [usu with poss] Your lot is the kind of life you have or the things that you have or experience.
[NOUN] an invasion or hostile attack; raid or incursion

Question 6

그녀 아버지의 18년간의 철권 통치는 많은 사람들에게 쓰디쓴 것으로 기억되고 있다.

Answer 6

Her father’s 18-year iron-fisted rule is remembered by many with bitterness.
*iron-fisted rule철권통치

Question 7

dissident [dɪsɪdənt] 1

sympathizer[sɪmpəθaɪzər]1

Answer 7

his government jailed and tortured many dissidents — whom he painted as Communist sympathizers helping North Korea.
[NOUN] Dissidents are people who disagree with and criticize their government, especially because it is undemocratic.
[NOUN] The sympathizers of an organization or cause are the people who approve of it and support it.

Question 8

birthing [bɜ:rθɪŋ]1

vibrant [vaɪbrənt] 1

Answer 8

But he is consistently voted the most popular former president in polls for his role in birthing the vibrant South Korean economy, a rapid rise from the ruins of the Korean War that has built a thriving middle class, made South Korean companies feared competitors and restored the nation’s dignity.
[ADJ] Birthing means relating to or used during the process of giving birth.출산
[ADJ] [usu ADJ n] Vibrant colours are very bright and clear.

Question 9

contend[kəntend]2

fallout [fɔ:laʊt] 1

Answer 9

Still, Ms. Park will have to contend with the fallout from that success.
[VERB] If you have to contend with a problem or difficulty, you have to deal with it or overcome it.
[NOUN] [oft N from n] If you refer to the fallout from something that has happened, you mean the unpleasant consequences that follow it.
=ripple effect=repercussion=reverberation파문

Question 10

abiding [əbaɪdɪŋ]2

clamor [klæmər] 1

conglomerate [kənglɒmərət]2

Answer 10

One of the abiding themes of the campaign was the clamor for more economic equality and a reining in of the chaebol, or family-controlled conglomerates like Samsung, that Mr. Park helped build with government largess.
[ADJ] An abiding feeling, memory, or interest is one that you have for a very long time.
[NOUN] Clamour is used to describe the loud noise of a large group of people talking or shouting together.
[NOUN] [BUSINESS] A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.

Question 11

abiding [əbaɪdɪŋ]2

clamor [klæmər] 1

conglomerate [kənglɒmərət]2

largesse [lɑ:rʒes]2

Answer 11

One of the abiding themes of the campaign was the clamor for more economic equality and a reining in of the chaebol, or family-controlled conglomerates like Samsung, that Mr. Park helped build with government largess.
[ADJ] An abiding feeling, memory, or interest is one that you have for a very long time.
[NOUN] Clamour is used to describe the loud noise of a large group of people talking or shouting together.
[NOUN] [BUSINESS] A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] Largesse is a generous gift of money or a generous act of kindness.

Question 12

unruly[ʌnru:li] 2

aggravate [ægrəveɪt] 1

Answer 12

Those companies power the economy, but their unruly expansion in recent years is blamed for aggravating the gap between rich and poor.
[ADJ] If you describe people, especially children, as unruly, you mean that they behave badly and are difficult to control.
[VERB] If someone or something aggravates a situation, they make it worse.=exacerbate

Question 13

unruly[ʌnru:li] 2

aggravate [ægrəveɪt] 1

Answer 13

Those companies power the economy, but their unruly expansion in recent years is blamed for aggravating the gap between rich and poor.
[ADJ] If you describe people, especially children, as unruly, you mean that they behave badly and are difficult to control.
[VERB] If someone or something aggravates a situation, they make it worse.=exacerbate [ɪgzæsərbeɪt]2

Question 14

overhaul

Answer 14

In the end, South Koreans appeared to prefer Ms. Park’s calls to overhaul the chaebol over time to the more aggressive approach suggested by her rival, Mr. Moon.
[VERB] If you overhaul a system or method, you examine it carefully and make many changes in it in order to improve it.

Question 15

incumbent [ɪnkʌmbənt]2

rapprochement[ræproʊʃmɒn]2

Answer 15

Although Ms. Park criticized the “inflexible” hard-line policy of the incumbent, President Lee Myung-bak, for failing to tame North Korea, she prefers a cautious rapprochement.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] A rapprochement is an increase in friendliness between two countries, groups, or people, especially after a period of unfriendliness.

Question 16

그러나 그녀는 큰 규모의 투자는 어느 것이라도 북한의 핵 무기 프로그램을 끝내는 것에 대한 진보를 담보로 해야 한다고 주장했습니다.

Answer 16

But she insisted that any large-scale investments be conditional on progress in ending North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.
*be conditional on ~: ~을 담보로 하다

Question 17

북한에 대한 오바마 행정부의 정책은 이명박과 발을 맞춰 왔었다.

Answer 17

the Obama administration’s policy on North Korea had been in lock step with Mr. Lee’s
*in lock step with~에 맞추어

Question 18

acting [æktɪŋ] 1

Answer 18

she abandoned her studies to return to Seoul and serve as acting first lady.
[ADJ] You use acting before the title of a job to indicate that someone is doing that job temporarily.

Question 19

disgruntled [dɪsgrʌntəld] 2

Answer 19

Five years later, her father was assassinated by his disgruntled spy chief.
[ADJ] If you are disgruntled, you are cross and dissatisfied because things have not happened the way that you wanted them to happen.

Question 20

vilify [vɪlɪfaɪ]1

Answer 20

Ms. Park retired from public view, as the country eventually turned from authoritarianism in the late 1980s, with many vilifying her father as a dictator.
[VERB] [FORMAL] If you are vilified by someone, they say or write very unpleasant things about you, so that people will have a low opinion of you.

Question 21

그녀 아버지의 카리스마 있는 리더십을 기억하는 투표자들은 아주 큰 격차로 그녀를 의원으로 당선시켰다.

Answer 21

Voters who remembered her father’s charismatic leadership elected her to a seat in Parliament by a landslide margin.
*elect someone to a seat in Parliament
[NOUN] A landslide is a victory in an election in which a person or political party gets far more votes or seats than their opponents.

Question 22

landslide [lændslaɪd] 1

margin [mɑ:rdʒɪn]1

Answer 22

Voters who remembered her father’s charismatic leadership elected her to a seat in Parliament by a landslide margin.
[NOUN] A landslide is a victory in an election in which a person or political party gets far more votes or seats than their opponents.
[NOUN] [with supp] A margin is the difference between two amounts, especially the difference in the number of votes or points between the winner and the loser in an election or other contest.

Question 23

anomaly [ənɒməli]2

Answer 23

analysts like Mr. Choi said she was viewed as something of an anomaly.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] If something is an anomaly, it is different from what is usual or expected.

Question 24

beleaguered [bɪli:gərd] 2

Answer 24

For South Korea’s beleaguered liberals, having a woman lead the country will not automatically change that and is little compensation for what they see as a turn backward, given her policies on the North and on conglomerates.
[ADJ] [usu ADJ n] [FORMAL] A beleaguered person, organization, or project is experiencing a lot of difficulties, opposition, or criticism.사면초과에 빠진

Question 25

upbringing [ʌpbrɪŋɪŋ]1

Answer 25

To those critics, she is known as “Princess Geun-hye” for her privileged upbringing.
[NOUN] Your upbringing is the way that your parents treat you and the things that they teach you when you are growing up.

Question 26

estranged [ɪstreɪndʒd] 2

Answer 26

Early this year, her estranged former spokeswoman complained of having been forced to put the hood of a raincoat over Ms. Park’s head.
[ADJ] [v-link ADJ, usu ADJ from n] [FORMAL] If you describe someone as estranged from something such as society or their profession, you mean that they no longer seem involved in it.

Question 27

halfheartedly

Answer 27

And they say her apologies for her father’s cruelties came reluctantly and halfheartedly, only after she decided to run for the presidency.
*건성건성으로