How New York’s Love Affair With Starbucks Turned Sour

Question 1

go/turn sour

Answer 1

How New York’s Love Affair With Starbucks Turned Sour

*become less enjoyable, pleasant or good 파경을 맞다. 관계가 틀어지다.

Question 2

take something away

Answer 2

It started when they took away the comfortable chairs.

*to remove something and place it somewhere else

Question 3

seduction [sɪdʌkʃən]2<seduce [sɪdu:s]2

finicky [fɪnɪki] 1

geste

Answer 3

Starbucks’ successful seduction of the notoriously finicky New York City consumer began with a dramatic grand geste.
[VERB] If something seduces you, it is so attractive that it makes you do something that you would not otherwise do.
[ADJ] [disapproval] If you say that someone is finicky, you mean that they are worried about small details and are difficult to please.
*품행, 몸가짐; 손짓, 제스처

Question 4

salvo [sælvoʊ]1

earn manic coverage from the press

Answer 4

The 1994 opening of the first Manhattan Starbucks—the opening salvo in CEO Howard Schultz’s fierce courtship of the Big Apple—earned manic coverage from the press.
[NOUN] A salvo is the firing of several guns or missiles at the same time in a battle or ceremony.
*언론으로부터 열광적인 메인을 얻어갔다/메인을 차지했다.

Question 5

스타벅스가 뉴욕에서 큰 반향을 일으켰다.

Answer 5

Starbucks Brews Up a Storm in Big Apple.

• brew up: to prepare a hot drink of tea or coffee
• brew up a storm: 큰 반향을 일으키다.

Question 6

crowd control

exult [ɪgzʌlt]2

Answer 6

“We had to have crowd control at the door,” Schultz exulted
*군중 통제
[VERB] [WRITTEN] If you exult in a triumph or success that you have had, you feel and show great happiness and pleasure because of it.

Question 7

그 뒤 몇 년동안, 스타벅스는 결과적으로 나를 포함한 가장 시니컬한 뉴요커들조차 자신들의 편으로 끌어들였습니다.

Answer 7

In the years that followed, Starbucks eventually won over many of even the most cynical New Yorkers, including me.

• in the years that followed
• win over: to gain somebody’s support or approval, especially by persuading them that you are right

Question 8

원래 뉴요커인 Schultz는 이 사장에 진입하기 위해 시간을 충분히 투자했습니다.-그 회사는 일찍이 2년 전에 주식공개를 했었습니다-그리고 우리들의 저항을 허물기 위해 우리의 약점들의 그의 개인적인 친숙함을 영리하게 이용하였습니다.

Answer 8

Schultz, a native New Yorker, took his time planning to enter the market—the company had gone public two years earlier—and cleverly used his personal familiarity with our weaknesses to break down our resistance.
*take one’s time planning to ~에 시간을 충분히 투자하다

Question 9

깨끗하고, 필요 물품이 잘 구비된 화장실, 이것이 없다면 인간의 방광의 한계를 시험하도록 고안된 이 도시안의

Answer 9

clean, well-stocked bathrooms in a city otherwise designed to test the limits of the human bladder.
*well-stocked

Question 10

old-timer=old school

Answer 10

cheap refills for discount-mad old-timer.
[NOUN] [INFORMAL] If you refer to someone as an old-timer, you mean that he or she has been living in a particular place or doing a particular job for a long time.
구세대
old school[NOUN] a group of people favouring traditional ideas or conservative practices

Question 11

jaded[dʒeɪdɪd] 1

suspend [səspend] 2

patronize [peɪtrənaɪz] 1

monolith [mɒnəlɪθ] 1

Answer 11

It was enough to make the most jaded New Yorkers suspend disbelief and forget they were patronizing a global corporate fast-food monolith.
[ADJ] If you are jaded, you feel bored, tired, and not enthusiastic, for example because you have had too much of the same thing.
[VERB] If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it.
[VERB] [FORMAL] If someone patronizes a place such as a pub, bar, or hotel, they are one of its customers.
[NOUN] [disapproval] If you refer to an organization or system as a monolith, you are critical of it because it is very large and very slow to change, and it does not seem to have different parts with different characters.

Question 12

holdout [hoʊldaʊt]1

Answer 12

I was a long-time holdout.
[NOUN] [AM] A holdout is someone who refuses to agree or act with other people in a particular situation and by doing so stops the situation from progressing or being resolved. 변화하는 세태에도 굴하지 않고 자신만의 뜻을 고집하는 자.

Question 13

aversion [əvɜ:rʒən] 2 to

Answer 13

In addition to my natural aversion to calling a small coffee a “tall,” I felt a deep loyalty to the local Cuban diner where I had written most of my first book.
[NOUN] If you have an aversion to someone or something, you dislike them very much.

Question 14

ensconce [ɪnskɒns]2

Answer 14

By the time Starbucks started offering free Wi-Fi in 2008, however, my laptop and I were already ensconced in an oversized comfortable chair at the branch around the corner.
[VERB] [tr; often passive] to establish or settle firmly or comfortably편안하게 자리잡다.

Question 15

enumerate[ɪnu:məreɪt] 2

enticement[ɪntaɪsmənt]2

Answer 15

It wasn’t just the previously enumerated enticements.
[VERB] When you enumerate a list of things, you name each one in turn.
[NOUN] An enticement is something which makes people want to do a particular thing.매력

Question 16

slick [slɪk]

come-on

Answer 16

This no longer felt like a slick come-on.
[ADJ] [disapproval] A slick person speaks easily in a way that is likely to convince people, but is not sincere.
[NOUN] [INFORMAL] A come-on is a gesture or remark which someone, especially a woman, makes in order to encourage another person to make sexual advances to them.

Question 17

for real

idiosyncratic [ɪdioʊsɪŋkrætɪk] 1 5

Answer 17

These guys were for real—they understood New Yorkers’ idiosyncratic needs and seemed committed to satisfying them long term.
*if you do something for real, you do something which is genuine or serious, rather than imagined, practised or talked about, etc
[ADJ] If you describe someone’s actions or characteristics as idiosyncratic, you mean that they are rather unusual.

Question 18

forge [fɔ:rdʒ]1

in the throes of something/doing something

suitor [su:tər] 1

ardor[ɑ:rdər]1

Answer 18

And as anyone who’s ever forged bonds in the throes of passion knows, time tends to dull a suitor’s ardor.
[VERB] If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting.
*doing a difficult task; experiencing a difficult period or event
[NOUN] [OLD-FASHIONED] A woman’s suitor is a man who wants to marry her.
*Ardour is a strong, intense feeling of love or enthusiasm for someone or something.

Question 19

standoffish[|stænd|ɒfɪʃ] 12

demanding [dɪmɑ:ndɪŋ, -mænd-] 2

unattainable [ʌnəteɪnəbəl] 1 3

Answer 19

The idiosyncratic qualities that once made New Yorkers the object of such intense interest and attention in the first place—our standoffishness, our demanding nature, our very unattainability—have come to be viewed as annoyances, or worse
[ADJ] reserved, haughty, or aloof
[ADJ] People who are demanding are not easily satisfied or pleased.
[ADJ] If you say that something is unattainable, you mean that it cannot be achieved or is not available.

Question 20

flagship [flægʃɪp]1

shuttered [ʃʌtərd]1

Answer 20

The original flagship New York City store was shuttered.
[NOUN] [oft with poss] The flagship of a group of things that are owned or produced by a particular organization is the most important one.
[ADJ] A shuttered window, room, or building has its shutters closed.

Question 21

break [breɪk] (a piece of bad news)

Answer 21

Reuters broke the story last year that many New York City stores have begun to block electric outlets to discourage laptop users altogether.
[VERB] When you break a piece of bad news to someone, you tell it to them, usually in a kind way.

Question 22

wee

Answer 22

Last winter, under the headline, “Just a ‘wee’ change,” the New York Post reported that a few city Starbucks locations had closed their restrooms to the public.
[ADJ] [SCOTTISH, INFORMAL] Wee means small in size or extent.
[VERB] [BRIT] To wee means to urinate. Wee is an informal word used especially by children.

Question 23

grill [grɪl]

solicitous [səlɪsɪtəs]2

Answer 23

Those discounted refills now are the subject of increasingly frequent grilling at the counter by those once highly solicitous baristas.
[VERB] [INFORMAL] If you grill someone about something, you ask them a lot of questions for a long period of time.
[ADJ] [FORMAL] A person who is solicitous shows anxious concern for someone or something.세심히 배려하는

Question 24

attest[ətest]2

interrogation [ɪnterəgeɪʃən] 2 4

Answer 24

And, as message boards with names like www.ihatestarbucks.com attest, the interrogation sometimes continues as to whether the consumption actually took place over the last hour.
[VERB] [FORMAL] To attest something or attest to something means to say, show, or prove that it is true.
[NOUN] An interrogation is the act of interrogating someone. 질문

Question 25

besiege[bɪsi:dʒ]2

woo [wu:]

Answer 25

New Yorkers, forever besieged by alternative fads, require constant wooing.
[VERB] [usu passive] If you are besieged by people, many people want something from you and continually bother you.
[VERB] [OLD-FASHIONED] If a man woos a woman, he spends time with her and tries to persuade her to marry him.

Question 26

incumbent [ɪnkʌmbənt] 2

purveyor [pərveɪər] 2

Answer 26

And the impact of the 2008 banking system collapse on the local economy made us require even more emotional reinforcement from incumbent purveyors than usual.
[ADJ] [FORMAL] If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] A purveyor of goods or services is a person or company that provides them.

Question 27

resonance[rezənəns]1

Answer 27

Furthermore, though occupying Manhattan may once have had personal and corporate resonance to Howard Schultz’s Starbucks, today the island’s branches represents barely 1 percent of the chain’s stores globally.
[NOUN] If something has a resonance for someone, it has a special meaning or is particularly important to them.

Question 28

dysfunctional [dɪsfʌŋkʃənəl] 2

Answer 28

Most people in dysfunctional relationships wait far too long to leave.
[ADJ] [FORMAL] Dysfunctional is used to describe relationships or behaviour which are different from what is considered to be normal.

Question 29

inertia [ɪnɜ:rʃə]2

Answer 29

Insecurity and habit both encourage inertia.

[NOUN] If you have a feeling of inertia, you feel very lazy and unwilling to move or be active.관성

Question 30

move on

Answer 30

But deep down we know that it is better for everyone involved if we both just move on.
[VERB] [adverb] to go or cause (someone) to leave somewhere헤어지다

Question 31

그러한 필요한 변화를 만드는 것에 가장 큰 장애물은 상황이 최악일지라도, 더 나은 대체제를 찾기 불가능할 것이라는 두려움입니다.

Answer 31

The biggest obstacle to making such a needed change is the fear that as bad as things get, it will not be possible to find a better alternative.
*as bad as things get

Question 32

sell out to

Answer 32

My Cuban diner sold out to a new owner and started serving pizza a few years ago and no longer holds the charms it once did.
[VERB] [adverb] Also (chiefly Brit) : sell up to dispose of (supplies of something) completely by selling소유권이 넘어가서 팔렸다.

Question 33

stranglehold [stræŋgəlhoʊld] 1

Answer 33

The good news is that competitors seem to have sensed the loosening of Starbucks’ stranglehold on the market and begun to make their moves.
[NOUN] To have a stranglehold on something means to have control over it and prevent it from being free or from developing.목조르기

Question 34

phalanx [fəlændʒi:z]2

Answer 34

Until recently, no other major coffee chain dared to confront the almost 200-strong phalanx of Starbucks in the city.
[NOUN] [usu N of n] [FORMAL] A phalanx of people is a large group who are brought together for a particular purpose.

Question 35

veritable[verɪtəbəl] 1

tentacle [tentəkəl]1

Answer 35

More importantly, a veritable army of excellent mini-chains, mostly New York-based, have extended their tentacles into former Starbucks territory.
[ADJ] [emphasis] You can use veritable to emphasize the size, amount, or nature of something.
[NOUN] [usu pl, with supp] [disapproval] If you talk about the tentacles of a political, commercial, or social organization, you are referring to the power and influence that it has in the outside community.

Question 36

ethos[i:θɒs] 1

Answer 36

all reflect a more authentically Gothamite ethos.
[NOUN] [FORMAL] An ethos is the set of ideas and attitudes that is associated with a particular group of people or a particular type of activity.정신

Question 37

be bound to

ensue [ɪnsu:]2

Answer 37

Breaking up is never easy, and some unpleasant feelings are bound to ensue.
[PHRASE] If you say that something is bound to happen, you mean that you are sure it will happen, because it is a natural consequence of something that is already known or exists.
[VERB] If something ensues, it happens immediately after another event, usually as a result of it.뒤따르다