STAINS Flashcards
polysaccharides bound to other substances
mucins
stains glycogen, mucoproteins, hyaline casts, glomerular basement membrane
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)
intensity of PAS (proportional, inversely proportional) to sugar content
proportional
method of choice for glycogen staining
PAS with Disease Control
selective and highly specific for glycogen
best carmine (bright red)
oldest stain for glycogen but already obsolete
Langhan’s Iodine Method
most popular method for acid mucins
alcian blue
most useful metachromatic dye
fixative: mercuric chloride
azure A
ACID MPS
- Alcian Blue
- Azure A
- Uranyl Acetate Azure A
- Toluidine Blue
mucicarmine stains encapsulated fungi such as
Cryptococcus neoformans
MUCINS
- Combined Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin-Alcian Blue
- Mucicarmine
- Hale’s Colloidal (Dialyzed) Iron Technique
most commonly used fixative for AA histochemistry
neutral buffered formol saline
most common technique for histochemical demonstration of enzymes
metal precipitation
histones and protamines
alkaline fast green
cysteine & cystine
peracetic acid-alcian blue
ALP; ACP
Gomori Calcium; Gomori Lead (balikta C and L)
most sensitive technique in ID of nucleic acids
in situ hybrization
principle of PCR
gene amplification
3 steps in PCR
- Denaturation
- Annealing
- Extension
iron containing pigment of HB
hemosiderin
iron free pigment of Hb
hemotodoin
Hb minus the globin molecule
hematin
malarial pigment
Hemozoin
iron free brownish pigment
hemofucsin
most common exogenous pigments
carbon
most common stain for tissue pigments and deposits
Perl’s Prussian Blue
carcinogenic stain for tissue pigments and deposits
Benzidine Nitroprusside
for melanin and argentaffin
masson fontana
best fungal stains for tissues
Grocott Methenamine Silver
superior stain for Electron Microscopy
Uranyl Acetate
1st general stain
Phosphotungstic acid
primary or secondary stain for electron microscopy
lead
used to remove stain on skin
acid decolorizer
stain for legionella
dieterle method
