PATHOLOGY Flashcards
pathos
pain; suffering
divisions of pathology
- Gross and Microscopic
- Anatomic Pathology (biopsies)
- Clinical Pathology (CC, Hema, CM, etc)
frequent division to replace old cells; high turn over; e.g. blood cells and skin cells
labile cells
definite pattern of replication with cells lost by wear and tear being replaced by the mitotic activity of others; e.g. hepatocytes, renal tubular cells, mesenchymal cells
stable cells
non-replicating; e.g. cardiac and neurons
permanent cells
incomplete or defective tissue development; kidneys, gonads, adrenals
aplasia
non appearance of the organs
agenesia
failure of an organ to reach or achieve its full mature or adult size; did not mature
Hypoplasia (IMMATURE PO PLA-SIA) AHSFAHHA
failure of an organ to form an opening
atresia
shrinkage in the size of the cell by loss of cell substance (lumiliit kapag di ginagamit)
atrophy
decrease in size due to decreased work load
physiologic atrophy
decrease in size primarily due to denervation of muscle, diminished blood supply, nutritional deficiency, old age, disuse, some are idiopathic
pathologic atrophy
increase in the SIZE of cells; cells got LARGE; NO NEW ONES
Hypertrophy (LARGE TROPHY)
increase in the number of cells; cardiac and skeletal muscle does not undergo mitosis; BPH - Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
hyperplasia
compensatory; regeneration of liver following partial hepatectomy
physiologic hypertrophy
change of one cell type to another; reversible
metaplasia
most metaplasia in chronic smokers
columnar to squamous
metaplasia in Barret’s esophagus (long term GERD/acidic)
squamous to columnar
atypical hyperplasia
dysplasia
variation of size, shape, and orientation
dysplasia
undifferentiated cell
anaplasia
more primitive and embryonic looking (immature looking); malignant tumor; irreversible
anaplasia
hypoxic shock can be irreversible after
*3-5 mins for neurons
*1-2 hrs for myocardial cells and hepatocytes
*many hours for skeletal muscle
earliest sign of cell injury seen in microscope
cellular swelling
wear and tear pigment
lipofuscin
pyknosis
shrinkage
karyolysis
fading
karyorrhexis
fragmentation
cell death due to ischemia (decreased O2)
coagulative
tombstone; eosinophilia like in H and E
coagulative
myocardial infarction; kidney, adrenal glands, spleen; does not occur sa brain
coagulative
liquified; complete destruction of cells
Liquefactive necrosis
cerebral infarct
liquefactive
cheesy and white appearance; amorphous eosinophilic under the microscope
Caseous necrosis
TB, Tularemia, Lymphogranuloma venerium (LGV)
caseous necrosis
description of focal areas of fat destruction due to release of pancreatic lipases
fat necrosis
chalky white appearance
fat necrosis
pancreatitis
fat necrosis
necrosis (secondary to ischemia) usually with superimposed infection
gangrenous necrosis
necrosis of distal limbs
gangrenous necrosis
gangrene caused by arterial occlusion
dry gangrene
foot embolism
dry gangrene
gangrene which is a result of venous occlusion
wet gangrene
bacterial infection
wet gangrene
programmed cell death
apoptosis
true or false
inflammatory reaction is present in apoptosis
false
heat
calor
redness
rubor
swelling
tumor
pain
dolor
loss of function
functio laesa
